Combating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque

Exploring biological agents to control biofilm is a vital alternative in combating pathogenic bacteria that cause dental plaque. This study was focused on antimicrobial, biofilm formation and biofilm dispersal efficacy of Gallic acid (GA) against bacteria, including <i>Proteus</i> spp.,...

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Autores principales:	Aqel Albutti, Muhammad Shoaib Gul, Muhammad Faisal Siddiqui, Farhana Maqbool, Fazal Adnan, Ihsan Ullah, Ziaur Rahman, Sadia Qayyum, Muhammad Ajmal Shah, Muhammad Salman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biofilm control dispersal effects potential effect gallic acid biomass EPS Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b300a5486d324a59907c107c76bf3421
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b300a5486d324a59907c107c76bf34212021-11-25T18:38:38ZCombating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque10.3390/pathogens101114862076-0817https://doaj.org/article/b300a5486d324a59907c107c76bf34212021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1486https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817Exploring biological agents to control biofilm is a vital alternative in combating pathogenic bacteria that cause dental plaque. This study was focused on antimicrobial, biofilm formation and biofilm dispersal efficacy of Gallic acid (GA) against bacteria, including <i>Proteus</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp., <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and multispecies bacteria. Biofilm was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by crystal violet assay, florescence microscopy (bacterial biomass (µm<sup>2</sup>), surface coverage (%)) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). It was exhibited that GA (1–200 mg/L) can reduce bacterial growth. However, higher concentrations (100–200 mg/L) markedly reduced (86%) bacterial growth and biofilm formation (85.5%), while GA did not exhibit any substantial dispersal effects on pre-formed biofilm. Further, GA (20–200 mg/L) exhibited 93.43% biomass reduction and 88.6% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) EPS (polysaccharide) reduction. Microscopic images were processed with BioImageL software. It was revealed that biomass surface coverage was reduced to 2% at 200 mg/L of GA and that 13,612 (µm<sup>2</sup>) biomass was present for control, while it was reduced to 894 (µm<sup>2</sup>) at 200 mg/L of GA. Thus, this data suggest that GA have antimicrobial and biofilm control potential against single and multispecies bacteria causing dental plaque.Aqel AlbuttiMuhammad Shoaib GulMuhammad Faisal SiddiquiFarhana MaqboolFazal AdnanIhsan UllahZiaur RahmanSadia QayyumMuhammad Ajmal ShahMuhammad SalmanMDPI AGarticlebiofilm controldispersal effectspotential effectgallic acidbiomassEPSMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1486, p 1486 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biofilm control dispersal effects potential effect gallic acid biomass EPS Medicine R
spellingShingle	biofilm control dispersal effects potential effect gallic acid biomass EPS Medicine R Aqel Albutti Muhammad Shoaib Gul Muhammad Faisal Siddiqui Farhana Maqbool Fazal Adnan Ihsan Ullah Ziaur Rahman Sadia Qayyum Muhammad Ajmal Shah Muhammad Salman Combating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque
description	Exploring biological agents to control biofilm is a vital alternative in combating pathogenic bacteria that cause dental plaque. This study was focused on antimicrobial, biofilm formation and biofilm dispersal efficacy of Gallic acid (GA) against bacteria, including <i>Proteus</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp., <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and multispecies bacteria. Biofilm was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by crystal violet assay, florescence microscopy (bacterial biomass (µm<sup>2</sup>), surface coverage (%)) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). It was exhibited that GA (1–200 mg/L) can reduce bacterial growth. However, higher concentrations (100–200 mg/L) markedly reduced (86%) bacterial growth and biofilm formation (85.5%), while GA did not exhibit any substantial dispersal effects on pre-formed biofilm. Further, GA (20–200 mg/L) exhibited 93.43% biomass reduction and 88.6% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) EPS (polysaccharide) reduction. Microscopic images were processed with BioImageL software. It was revealed that biomass surface coverage was reduced to 2% at 200 mg/L of GA and that 13,612 (µm<sup>2</sup>) biomass was present for control, while it was reduced to 894 (µm<sup>2</sup>) at 200 mg/L of GA. Thus, this data suggest that GA have antimicrobial and biofilm control potential against single and multispecies bacteria causing dental plaque.
format	article
author	Aqel Albutti Muhammad Shoaib Gul Muhammad Faisal Siddiqui Farhana Maqbool Fazal Adnan Ihsan Ullah Ziaur Rahman Sadia Qayyum Muhammad Ajmal Shah Muhammad Salman
author_facet	Aqel Albutti Muhammad Shoaib Gul Muhammad Faisal Siddiqui Farhana Maqbool Fazal Adnan Ihsan Ullah Ziaur Rahman Sadia Qayyum Muhammad Ajmal Shah Muhammad Salman
author_sort	Aqel Albutti
title	Combating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque
title_short	Combating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque
title_full	Combating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque
title_fullStr	Combating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque
title_full_unstemmed	Combating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque
title_sort	combating biofilm by targeting its formation and dispersal using gallic acid against single and multispecies bacteria causing dental plaque
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b300a5486d324a59907c107c76bf3421
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Combating Biofilm by Targeting Its Formation and Dispersal Using Gallic Acid against Single and Multispecies Bacteria Causing Dental Plaque

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