Influence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica

Abstract Compared to the 1970s, the edge of the Ecology Glacier on King George Island, maritime Antarctica, is positioned more than 500 m inwards, exposing a large area of new terrain to soil-forming processes and periglacial climate for more than 40 years. To gain information on the state of soil f...

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Autores principales:	Patryk Krauze, Dirk Wagner, Sizhong Yang, Diogo Spinola, Peter Kühn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b368335298194620850d744ea5b8eb5e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b368335298194620850d744ea5b8eb5e2021-12-02T18:02:43ZInfluence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica10.1038/s41598-021-92205-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b368335298194620850d744ea5b8eb5e2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92205-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Compared to the 1970s, the edge of the Ecology Glacier on King George Island, maritime Antarctica, is positioned more than 500 m inwards, exposing a large area of new terrain to soil-forming processes and periglacial climate for more than 40 years. To gain information on the state of soil formation and its interplay with microbial activity, three hyperskeletic Cryosols (vegetation cover of 0–80%) deglaciated after 1979 in the foreland of the Ecology Glacier and a Cambic Cryosol (vegetation cover of 100%) distal to the lateral moraine deglaciated before 1956 were investigated by combining soil chemical and microbiological methods. In the upper part of all soils, a decrease in soil pH was observed, but only the Cambic Cryosol showed a clear direction of pedogenic and weathering processes, such as initial silicate weathering indicated by a decreasing Chemical Index of Alteration with depth. Differences in the development of these initial soils could be related to different microbial community compositions and vegetation coverage, despite the short distance among them. We observed—decreasing with depth—the highest bacterial abundances and microbial diversity at vegetated sites. Multiple clusters of abundant amplicon sequence variants were found depending on the site-specific characteristics as well as a distinct shift in the microbial community structure towards more similar communities at soil depths > 10 cm. In the foreland of the Ecology Glacier, the main soil-forming processes on a decadal timescale are acidification and accumulation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, accompanied by changes in microbial abundances, microbial community compositions, and plant coverage, whereas quantifiable silicate weathering and the formation of pedogenic oxides occur on a centennial to a millennial timescale after deglaciation.Patryk KrauzeDirk WagnerSizhong YangDiogo SpinolaPeter KühnNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Patryk Krauze Dirk Wagner Sizhong Yang Diogo Spinola Peter Kühn Influence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica
description	Abstract Compared to the 1970s, the edge of the Ecology Glacier on King George Island, maritime Antarctica, is positioned more than 500 m inwards, exposing a large area of new terrain to soil-forming processes and periglacial climate for more than 40 years. To gain information on the state of soil formation and its interplay with microbial activity, three hyperskeletic Cryosols (vegetation cover of 0–80%) deglaciated after 1979 in the foreland of the Ecology Glacier and a Cambic Cryosol (vegetation cover of 100%) distal to the lateral moraine deglaciated before 1956 were investigated by combining soil chemical and microbiological methods. In the upper part of all soils, a decrease in soil pH was observed, but only the Cambic Cryosol showed a clear direction of pedogenic and weathering processes, such as initial silicate weathering indicated by a decreasing Chemical Index of Alteration with depth. Differences in the development of these initial soils could be related to different microbial community compositions and vegetation coverage, despite the short distance among them. We observed—decreasing with depth—the highest bacterial abundances and microbial diversity at vegetated sites. Multiple clusters of abundant amplicon sequence variants were found depending on the site-specific characteristics as well as a distinct shift in the microbial community structure towards more similar communities at soil depths > 10 cm. In the foreland of the Ecology Glacier, the main soil-forming processes on a decadal timescale are acidification and accumulation of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, accompanied by changes in microbial abundances, microbial community compositions, and plant coverage, whereas quantifiable silicate weathering and the formation of pedogenic oxides occur on a centennial to a millennial timescale after deglaciation.
format	article
author	Patryk Krauze Dirk Wagner Sizhong Yang Diogo Spinola Peter Kühn
author_facet	Patryk Krauze Dirk Wagner Sizhong Yang Diogo Spinola Peter Kühn
author_sort	Patryk Krauze
title	Influence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica
title_short	Influence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica
title_full	Influence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica
title_fullStr	Influence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica
title_sort	influence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on king george island, maritime antarctica
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b368335298194620850d744ea5b8eb5e
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Influence of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica

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