Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes.
<h4>Background</h4>Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that causes cryptococcosis, a life threatening disease. The prevalence of cryptococcosis in Asia has been rising after the onset of the AIDS epidemic and estimates indicate more than 120 cases per 1,000 HIV-infected individ...
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oai:doaj.org-article:b376a172016e4d5bba9de1aa442b6c8a2021-11-18T07:25:20ZResistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0032868https://doaj.org/article/b376a172016e4d5bba9de1aa442b6c8a2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22427900/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that causes cryptococcosis, a life threatening disease. The prevalence of cryptococcosis in Asia has been rising after the onset of the AIDS epidemic and estimates indicate more than 120 cases per 1,000 HIV-infected individuals per year. Almost all cryptococcal disease cases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients in Asia are caused by C. neoformans var. grubii. Epidemiological studies on C. neoformans in pan-Asia have not been reported. The present work studies the genetic diversity of the fungus by microsatellite typing and susceptibility analysis of approximately 500 isolates from seven Asian countries.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Genetic diversity of Asian isolates of C. neoformans was determined using microsatellite analysis with nine microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed eight microsatellite complexes (MCs) which showed different distributions among geographically defined populations. A correlation between MCs and HIV-status was observed. Microsatellite complex 2 was mainly associated with isolates from HIV-negative patients, whereas MC8 was associated with those from HIV-positive patients. Most isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, but 17 (3.4%) and 10 (2%) were found to be resistant to 5-flucytosine and fluconazole, respectively. Importantly, five Indonesian isolates (approximately 12.5% from all Indonesian isolates investigated and 1% from the total studied isolates) were resistant to both antifungals. The majority of 5-flucytosine resistant isolates belonged to MC17.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The findings showed a different distribution of genotypes of C. neoformans var. grubii isolates from various countries in Asia, as well as a correlation of the microsatellite genotypes with the original source of the strains and resistance to 5-flucytosine.Weihua PanKantarawee KhayhanFerry HagenRetno WahyuningsihArunaloke ChakrabartiAnuradha ChowdharyReiko IkedaSaad J Taj-AldeenZiauddin KhanDarma ImranRidhawati SjamPojana SribureeWanqing LiaoKunyaluk ChaicumparNatnicha IngviyaJohan W MoutonIlse Curfs-BreukerTeun BoekhoutJacques F MeisCorné H W KlaassenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e32868 (2012) |
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Medicine R Science Q Weihua Pan Kantarawee Khayhan Ferry Hagen Retno Wahyuningsih Arunaloke Chakrabarti Anuradha Chowdhary Reiko Ikeda Saad J Taj-Aldeen Ziauddin Khan Darma Imran Ridhawati Sjam Pojana Sriburee Wanqing Liao Kunyaluk Chaicumpar Natnicha Ingviya Johan W Mouton Ilse Curfs-Breuker Teun Boekhout Jacques F Meis Corné H W Klaassen Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes. |
| description |
<h4>Background</h4>Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that causes cryptococcosis, a life threatening disease. The prevalence of cryptococcosis in Asia has been rising after the onset of the AIDS epidemic and estimates indicate more than 120 cases per 1,000 HIV-infected individuals per year. Almost all cryptococcal disease cases in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients in Asia are caused by C. neoformans var. grubii. Epidemiological studies on C. neoformans in pan-Asia have not been reported. The present work studies the genetic diversity of the fungus by microsatellite typing and susceptibility analysis of approximately 500 isolates from seven Asian countries.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Genetic diversity of Asian isolates of C. neoformans was determined using microsatellite analysis with nine microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed eight microsatellite complexes (MCs) which showed different distributions among geographically defined populations. A correlation between MCs and HIV-status was observed. Microsatellite complex 2 was mainly associated with isolates from HIV-negative patients, whereas MC8 was associated with those from HIV-positive patients. Most isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, but 17 (3.4%) and 10 (2%) were found to be resistant to 5-flucytosine and fluconazole, respectively. Importantly, five Indonesian isolates (approximately 12.5% from all Indonesian isolates investigated and 1% from the total studied isolates) were resistant to both antifungals. The majority of 5-flucytosine resistant isolates belonged to MC17.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The findings showed a different distribution of genotypes of C. neoformans var. grubii isolates from various countries in Asia, as well as a correlation of the microsatellite genotypes with the original source of the strains and resistance to 5-flucytosine. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Weihua Pan Kantarawee Khayhan Ferry Hagen Retno Wahyuningsih Arunaloke Chakrabarti Anuradha Chowdhary Reiko Ikeda Saad J Taj-Aldeen Ziauddin Khan Darma Imran Ridhawati Sjam Pojana Sriburee Wanqing Liao Kunyaluk Chaicumpar Natnicha Ingviya Johan W Mouton Ilse Curfs-Breuker Teun Boekhout Jacques F Meis Corné H W Klaassen |
| author_facet |
Weihua Pan Kantarawee Khayhan Ferry Hagen Retno Wahyuningsih Arunaloke Chakrabarti Anuradha Chowdhary Reiko Ikeda Saad J Taj-Aldeen Ziauddin Khan Darma Imran Ridhawati Sjam Pojana Sriburee Wanqing Liao Kunyaluk Chaicumpar Natnicha Ingviya Johan W Mouton Ilse Curfs-Breuker Teun Boekhout Jacques F Meis Corné H W Klaassen |
| author_sort |
Weihua Pan |
| title |
Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes. |
| title_short |
Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes. |
| title_full |
Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes. |
| title_fullStr |
Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Resistance of Asian Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A is confined to few microsatellite genotypes. |
| title_sort |
resistance of asian cryptococcus neoformans serotype a is confined to few microsatellite genotypes. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/b376a172016e4d5bba9de1aa442b6c8a |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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