Future Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment

Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), commonly caused by high energy trauma in young active patients, is frequently accompanied by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although combined trauma results in inferior clinical outcomes and a higher mortality rate, the understanding of the pathophysiological inte...

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Autores principales:	Paul Köhli, Ellen Otto, Denise Jahn, Marie-Jacqueline Reisener, Jessika Appelt, Adibeh Rahmani, Nima Taheri, Johannes Keller, Matthias Pumberger, Serafeim Tsitsilonis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	traumatic spinal cord injury TSCI traumatic brain injury TBI mesenchymal stem cells MSC Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b3967b3292b644b2aa933bf18fd6ae67
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b3967b3292b644b2aa933bf18fd6ae672021-11-25T17:09:47ZFuture Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment10.3390/cells101129552073-4409https://doaj.org/article/b3967b3292b644b2aa933bf18fd6ae672021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2955https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), commonly caused by high energy trauma in young active patients, is frequently accompanied by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although combined trauma results in inferior clinical outcomes and a higher mortality rate, the understanding of the pathophysiological interaction of co-occurring TSCI and TBI remains limited. This review provides a detailed overview of the local and systemic alterations due to TSCI and TBI, which severely affect the autonomic and sensory nervous system, immune response, the blood–brain and spinal cord barrier, local perfusion, endocrine homeostasis, posttraumatic metabolism, and circadian rhythm. Because currently developed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapeutic strategies for TSCI provide only mild benefit, this review raises awareness of the impact of TSCI–TBI interaction on TSCI pathophysiology and MSC treatment. Therefore, we propose that unravelling the underlying pathophysiology of TSCI with concomitant TBI will reveal promising pharmacological targets and therapeutic strategies for regenerative therapies, further improving MSC therapy.Paul KöhliEllen OttoDenise JahnMarie-Jacqueline ReisenerJessika AppeltAdibeh RahmaniNima TaheriJohannes KellerMatthias PumbergerSerafeim TsitsilonisMDPI AGarticletraumatic spinal cord injuryTSCItraumatic brain injuryTBImesenchymal stem cellsMSCBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2955, p 2955 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	traumatic spinal cord injury TSCI traumatic brain injury TBI mesenchymal stem cells MSC Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	traumatic spinal cord injury TSCI traumatic brain injury TBI mesenchymal stem cells MSC Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Paul Köhli Ellen Otto Denise Jahn Marie-Jacqueline Reisener Jessika Appelt Adibeh Rahmani Nima Taheri Johannes Keller Matthias Pumberger Serafeim Tsitsilonis Future Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment
description	Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), commonly caused by high energy trauma in young active patients, is frequently accompanied by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although combined trauma results in inferior clinical outcomes and a higher mortality rate, the understanding of the pathophysiological interaction of co-occurring TSCI and TBI remains limited. This review provides a detailed overview of the local and systemic alterations due to TSCI and TBI, which severely affect the autonomic and sensory nervous system, immune response, the blood–brain and spinal cord barrier, local perfusion, endocrine homeostasis, posttraumatic metabolism, and circadian rhythm. Because currently developed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapeutic strategies for TSCI provide only mild benefit, this review raises awareness of the impact of TSCI–TBI interaction on TSCI pathophysiology and MSC treatment. Therefore, we propose that unravelling the underlying pathophysiology of TSCI with concomitant TBI will reveal promising pharmacological targets and therapeutic strategies for regenerative therapies, further improving MSC therapy.
format	article
author	Paul Köhli Ellen Otto Denise Jahn Marie-Jacqueline Reisener Jessika Appelt Adibeh Rahmani Nima Taheri Johannes Keller Matthias Pumberger Serafeim Tsitsilonis
author_facet	Paul Köhli Ellen Otto Denise Jahn Marie-Jacqueline Reisener Jessika Appelt Adibeh Rahmani Nima Taheri Johannes Keller Matthias Pumberger Serafeim Tsitsilonis
author_sort	Paul Köhli
title	Future Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment
title_short	Future Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment
title_full	Future Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment
title_fullStr	Future Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment
title_full_unstemmed	Future Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment
title_sort	future perspectives in spinal cord repair: brain as saviour? tsci with concurrent tbi: pathophysiological interaction and impact on msc treatment
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b3967b3292b644b2aa933bf18fd6ae67
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Future Perspectives in Spinal Cord Repair: Brain as Saviour? TSCI with Concurrent TBI: Pathophysiological Interaction and Impact on MSC Treatment

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