Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
<h4>Background</h4>Anthropogenic habitat disturbance is a prime cause in the current trend of the Earth's reduction in biodiversity. Here we show that the human footprint on the Central African rainforest, which is resulting in deforestation and growth of densely populated urban agg...
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oai:doaj.org-article:b3c576e7c0524bc5a64150d55b3099c62021-11-18T07:14:40ZAnthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0039453https://doaj.org/article/b3c576e7c0524bc5a64150d55b3099c62012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22745756/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Anthropogenic habitat disturbance is a prime cause in the current trend of the Earth's reduction in biodiversity. Here we show that the human footprint on the Central African rainforest, which is resulting in deforestation and growth of densely populated urban agglomerates, is associated to ecological divergence and cryptic speciation leading to adaptive radiation within the major malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>In southern Cameroon, the frequency of two molecular forms--M and S--among which reproductive isolation is strong but still incomplete, was correlated to an index of urbanisation extracted from remotely sensed data, expressed as the proportion of built-up surface in each sampling unit. The two forms markedly segregated along an urbanisation gradient forming a bimodal cline of ∼6-km width: the S form was exclusive to the rural habitat, whereas only the M form was present in the core of densely urbanised settings, co-occurring at times in the same polluted larval habitats of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus--a species association that was not historically recorded before.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our results indicate that when humans create novel habitats and ecological heterogeneities, they can provide evolutionary opportunities for rapid adaptive niche shifts associated with lineage divergence, whose consequences upon malaria transmission might be significant.Colince KamdemBilly Tene FossogFrédéric SimardJoachim EtounaCyrille NdoPierre KengnePhilippe BoussèsFrançois-Xavier EtoaParfait Awono-AmbeneDidier FontenilleChristophe Antonio-NkondjioNora J BesanskyCarlo CostantiniPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 6, p e39453 (2012) |
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Medicine R Science Q Colince Kamdem Billy Tene Fossog Frédéric Simard Joachim Etouna Cyrille Ndo Pierre Kengne Philippe Boussès François-Xavier Etoa Parfait Awono-Ambene Didier Fontenille Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio Nora J Besansky Carlo Costantini Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. |
| description |
<h4>Background</h4>Anthropogenic habitat disturbance is a prime cause in the current trend of the Earth's reduction in biodiversity. Here we show that the human footprint on the Central African rainforest, which is resulting in deforestation and growth of densely populated urban agglomerates, is associated to ecological divergence and cryptic speciation leading to adaptive radiation within the major malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>In southern Cameroon, the frequency of two molecular forms--M and S--among which reproductive isolation is strong but still incomplete, was correlated to an index of urbanisation extracted from remotely sensed data, expressed as the proportion of built-up surface in each sampling unit. The two forms markedly segregated along an urbanisation gradient forming a bimodal cline of ∼6-km width: the S form was exclusive to the rural habitat, whereas only the M form was present in the core of densely urbanised settings, co-occurring at times in the same polluted larval habitats of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus--a species association that was not historically recorded before.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Our results indicate that when humans create novel habitats and ecological heterogeneities, they can provide evolutionary opportunities for rapid adaptive niche shifts associated with lineage divergence, whose consequences upon malaria transmission might be significant. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Colince Kamdem Billy Tene Fossog Frédéric Simard Joachim Etouna Cyrille Ndo Pierre Kengne Philippe Boussès François-Xavier Etoa Parfait Awono-Ambene Didier Fontenille Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio Nora J Besansky Carlo Costantini |
| author_facet |
Colince Kamdem Billy Tene Fossog Frédéric Simard Joachim Etouna Cyrille Ndo Pierre Kengne Philippe Boussès François-Xavier Etoa Parfait Awono-Ambene Didier Fontenille Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio Nora J Besansky Carlo Costantini |
| author_sort |
Colince Kamdem |
| title |
Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. |
| title_short |
Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. |
| title_full |
Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. |
| title_fullStr |
Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. |
| title_sort |
anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/b3c576e7c0524bc5a64150d55b3099c6 |
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