At the End of a Slippery Slope: A Pilot Study of Deceleration Mats for Snow Tubing

On-slope pilot testing of snow tubes was conducted at two ski areas in the United States to examine the effects of deceleration mats. Snow tube and rider kinematics were measured using an instrumented bodysuit and a GPS system worn by the rider. For each test, the riders descended a tubing run with...

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Autores principales:	Irving S. Scher, Lenka Stepan, Jasper E. Shealy, Christopher Stoddard
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	snow tubing sledding ski area design ski area safety Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b3ced9653417497f83c738c3a20b2c95
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b3ced9653417497f83c738c3a20b2c952021-11-11T15:26:10ZAt the End of a Slippery Slope: A Pilot Study of Deceleration Mats for Snow Tubing10.3390/app1121105012076-3417https://doaj.org/article/b3ced9653417497f83c738c3a20b2c952021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10501https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417On-slope pilot testing of snow tubes was conducted at two ski areas in the United States to examine the effects of deceleration mats. Snow tube and rider kinematics were measured using an instrumented bodysuit and a GPS system worn by the rider. For each test, the riders descended a tubing run with minimal input and stopped in the run-out area. Snow tube and rider speeds when entering the run-out area were controlled to be approximately 9.5 m/s. Test trials were conducted with and without deceleration mats. Four deceleration mat conditions were tested, including two raised surface protuberances (ribs and projections) and two mat geometry parameters (flat and folded). The deceleration and effective coefficient of friction (COF) were determined for each trial. Data were recorded for 75 test trials with a mean (± standard deviation) speed entering the run-out area of 9.5 (±1.8) m/s. There were no significant differences in the deceleration or effective coefficient of friction between the surface protuberance conditions. The peak deceleration and effective COF for the folded mats (5.1 ± 1.6 m/s<sup>2</sup> and 0.26 ± 0.14) was greater than for the flat (3.3 ± 0.8 m/s<sup>2</sup> and 0.10 ± 0.07) and no mat (0.06 ± 0.3 m/s<sup>2</sup> and 0.08 ± 0.03) conditions (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Deceleration mats in run-out areas slow snow tube riders faster than without deceleration mats. Folding the deceleration mats produced greater deceleration but did not produce significantly different kinematics for the riders.Irving S. ScherLenka StepanJasper E. ShealyChristopher StoddardMDPI AGarticlesnow tubingsleddingski area designski area safetyTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10501, p 10501 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	snow tubing sledding ski area design ski area safety Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	snow tubing sledding ski area design ski area safety Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Irving S. Scher Lenka Stepan Jasper E. Shealy Christopher Stoddard At the End of a Slippery Slope: A Pilot Study of Deceleration Mats for Snow Tubing
description	On-slope pilot testing of snow tubes was conducted at two ski areas in the United States to examine the effects of deceleration mats. Snow tube and rider kinematics were measured using an instrumented bodysuit and a GPS system worn by the rider. For each test, the riders descended a tubing run with minimal input and stopped in the run-out area. Snow tube and rider speeds when entering the run-out area were controlled to be approximately 9.5 m/s. Test trials were conducted with and without deceleration mats. Four deceleration mat conditions were tested, including two raised surface protuberances (ribs and projections) and two mat geometry parameters (flat and folded). The deceleration and effective coefficient of friction (COF) were determined for each trial. Data were recorded for 75 test trials with a mean (± standard deviation) speed entering the run-out area of 9.5 (±1.8) m/s. There were no significant differences in the deceleration or effective coefficient of friction between the surface protuberance conditions. The peak deceleration and effective COF for the folded mats (5.1 ± 1.6 m/s<sup>2</sup> and 0.26 ± 0.14) was greater than for the flat (3.3 ± 0.8 m/s<sup>2</sup> and 0.10 ± 0.07) and no mat (0.06 ± 0.3 m/s<sup>2</sup> and 0.08 ± 0.03) conditions (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Deceleration mats in run-out areas slow snow tube riders faster than without deceleration mats. Folding the deceleration mats produced greater deceleration but did not produce significantly different kinematics for the riders.
format	article
author	Irving S. Scher Lenka Stepan Jasper E. Shealy Christopher Stoddard
author_facet	Irving S. Scher Lenka Stepan Jasper E. Shealy Christopher Stoddard
author_sort	Irving S. Scher
title	At the End of a Slippery Slope: A Pilot Study of Deceleration Mats for Snow Tubing
title_short	At the End of a Slippery Slope: A Pilot Study of Deceleration Mats for Snow Tubing
title_full	At the End of a Slippery Slope: A Pilot Study of Deceleration Mats for Snow Tubing
title_fullStr	At the End of a Slippery Slope: A Pilot Study of Deceleration Mats for Snow Tubing
title_full_unstemmed	At the End of a Slippery Slope: A Pilot Study of Deceleration Mats for Snow Tubing
title_sort	at the end of a slippery slope: a pilot study of deceleration mats for snow tubing
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b3ced9653417497f83c738c3a20b2c95
work_keys_str_mv	AT irvingsscher attheendofaslipperyslopeapilotstudyofdecelerationmatsforsnowtubing AT lenkastepan attheendofaslipperyslopeapilotstudyofdecelerationmatsforsnowtubing AT jaspereshealy attheendofaslipperyslopeapilotstudyofdecelerationmatsforsnowtubing AT christopherstoddard attheendofaslipperyslopeapilotstudyofdecelerationmatsforsnowtubing
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At the End of a Slippery Slope: A Pilot Study of Deceleration Mats for Snow Tubing

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