HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece

Nikolaos Davanos,1 George Panos,2 Charalambos A Gogos,2 Athanasia Mouzaki1 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras, Patras, Greece Background: The rapi...

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Autores principales:	Davanos N, Panos G, Gogos CA, Mouzaki A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	HIV-1 infection transmission subtype sequence genetic signatures epidemiology Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b3da3e4e2068437788f4c1a205a9a22a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b3da3e4e2068437788f4c1a205a9a22a2021-12-02T06:15:50ZHIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece1179-1373https://doaj.org/article/b3da3e4e2068437788f4c1a205a9a22a2015-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/hiv-1-subtype-characteristics-of-infected-persons-living-in-southweste-peer-reviewed-article-HIVhttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1373Nikolaos Davanos,1 George Panos,2 Charalambos A Gogos,2 Athanasia Mouzaki1 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras, Patras, Greece Background: The rapid replication rate of HIV-1, coupled with a high mutation rate and recombination, is the underlying force driving its genetic diversity. In the infected individual, a population of highly related but nonidentical strains exists. At the population level, multiple subtypes often cocirculate, leading to the generation of intersubtype recombinant forms. As a result, the geographic distribution of subtypes and recombinant forms is complex and uneven. Genetic subtyping of HIV-1 isolates has been shown to be helpful for understanding the genetic evolution, the worldwide spread of the virus, and the evaluation of drug resistance. Materials and methods: We determined the genetic heterogeneity of HIV-1 group M in southwestern Greece. Protease and partial reverse-transcriptase sequences were generated from 150 HIV-1-infected individuals attending the Division of Infectious Diseases of Patras University Hospital, Greece, from 2006 to 2012, and analyzed using online subtyping tools and phylogenetic methods. Results: The majority of the infected individuals were male (77%). HIV-1 subtype A1 was responsible for 51.3% of infections, followed by subtypes B (34%), G (4%), F1 (2%), and the circulating recombinant forms 02_AG (2.7%), 14_BG (1.3%), 35_AD (1.3%), and 01_AE (0.7%). Additionally, we identified three cases with a recombinant B/CRF02_AG strain (2%) and one with a recombinant G/GRF_AG strain. Sexual transmission was responsible for 96.3% of cases. Heterosexual transmission was responsible for 70.2% of subtype-A1 infections, whereas subtype B was transmitted by men who have sex with men in 75.5% of cases. Protease substitutions I13V, E35D, M36I, R57K, H69K, and L89M, which serve as drug-resistance support mutations in subtype B, were present in the majority of subtype-A1 sequences of the population. Conclusion: HIV-1 infection in southwestern Greece is sexually transmitted and highly heterogeneous. Subtype A1 has surpassed subtype B, and is the most prevalent strain. In the population studied, subtype A1 exhibited certain polymorphisms in the protease region, which may serve as drug-resistance support mutations in subtype B. Keywords: HIV-1 infection, transmission, subtype, sequence, genetic signatures, epidemiologyDavanos NPanos GGogos CAMouzaki ADove Medical PressarticleHIV-1 infectiontransmissionsubtypesequencegenetic signaturesepidemiologyImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENHIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care, Vol 2015, Iss Issue 1, Pp 277-283 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HIV-1 infection transmission subtype sequence genetic signatures epidemiology Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	HIV-1 infection transmission subtype sequence genetic signatures epidemiology Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Davanos N Panos G Gogos CA Mouzaki A HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece
description	Nikolaos Davanos,1 George Panos,2 Charalambos A Gogos,2 Athanasia Mouzaki1 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras, Patras, Greece Background: The rapid replication rate of HIV-1, coupled with a high mutation rate and recombination, is the underlying force driving its genetic diversity. In the infected individual, a population of highly related but nonidentical strains exists. At the population level, multiple subtypes often cocirculate, leading to the generation of intersubtype recombinant forms. As a result, the geographic distribution of subtypes and recombinant forms is complex and uneven. Genetic subtyping of HIV-1 isolates has been shown to be helpful for understanding the genetic evolution, the worldwide spread of the virus, and the evaluation of drug resistance. Materials and methods: We determined the genetic heterogeneity of HIV-1 group M in southwestern Greece. Protease and partial reverse-transcriptase sequences were generated from 150 HIV-1-infected individuals attending the Division of Infectious Diseases of Patras University Hospital, Greece, from 2006 to 2012, and analyzed using online subtyping tools and phylogenetic methods. Results: The majority of the infected individuals were male (77%). HIV-1 subtype A1 was responsible for 51.3% of infections, followed by subtypes B (34%), G (4%), F1 (2%), and the circulating recombinant forms 02_AG (2.7%), 14_BG (1.3%), 35_AD (1.3%), and 01_AE (0.7%). Additionally, we identified three cases with a recombinant B/CRF02_AG strain (2%) and one with a recombinant G/GRF_AG strain. Sexual transmission was responsible for 96.3% of cases. Heterosexual transmission was responsible for 70.2% of subtype-A1 infections, whereas subtype B was transmitted by men who have sex with men in 75.5% of cases. Protease substitutions I13V, E35D, M36I, R57K, H69K, and L89M, which serve as drug-resistance support mutations in subtype B, were present in the majority of subtype-A1 sequences of the population. Conclusion: HIV-1 infection in southwestern Greece is sexually transmitted and highly heterogeneous. Subtype A1 has surpassed subtype B, and is the most prevalent strain. In the population studied, subtype A1 exhibited certain polymorphisms in the protease region, which may serve as drug-resistance support mutations in subtype B. Keywords: HIV-1 infection, transmission, subtype, sequence, genetic signatures, epidemiology
format	article
author	Davanos N Panos G Gogos CA Mouzaki A
author_facet	Davanos N Panos G Gogos CA Mouzaki A
author_sort	Davanos N
title	HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece
title_short	HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece
title_full	HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece
title_fullStr	HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece
title_full_unstemmed	HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece
title_sort	hiv-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern greece
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/b3da3e4e2068437788f4c1a205a9a22a
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HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece

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