Entropy-Based Assessment of Nonfunctional Requirements in Axiomatic Design

The main information systems design techniques focus, almost exclusively, on the functional requirements of the system to be implemented. In its standard formulation, axiomatic design has such characteristics. However, in complex operational environments, this can lead to the identification of funct...

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Autores principales:	Elaheh Pourabbas, Chiara Parretti, Fernando Rolli, Fabrizio Pecoraro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2021
Materias:	Axiomatic design nonfunctional requirements entropy cognitive bias decisional indeterminancy multiple attribute decision-making methods Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b3dcc8c56a214dd69b6bb46e9ff72f72
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:b3dcc8c56a214dd69b6bb46e9ff72f72
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b3dcc8c56a214dd69b6bb46e9ff72f722021-12-02T00:00:46ZEntropy-Based Assessment of Nonfunctional Requirements in Axiomatic Design2169-353610.1109/ACCESS.2021.3128686https://doaj.org/article/b3dcc8c56a214dd69b6bb46e9ff72f722021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9617456/https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536The main information systems design techniques focus, almost exclusively, on the functional requirements of the system to be implemented. In its standard formulation, axiomatic design has such characteristics. However, in complex operational environments, this can lead to the identification of functionally valid solutions, but do not perfectly adhere to the system’s nonfunctional requirements. In specific operational contexts, particularly in information systems design, neglecting nonfunctional requirements has been identified as a major threat to projects, which can prevent their proper utilization throughout the design process. In this paper, we focus on nonfunctional requirements in axiomatic design, whose impact assessments can only be performed according to a heuristic basis, i.e., by expert judgment. However, the value assignment by experts can lead to a decisional indeterminacy or cognitive bias. To overcome these limitations, we propose the adoption of a methodological approach based on a reinterpretation of the information axiom of axiomatic design in terms of a multi-criteria decision problem. This approach allows the formal inclusion of nonfunctional requirements in the design process, which can be accomplished by setting them as evaluation attributes to achieve the robust design solution. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to evaluate alternative design solutions based on the information theory of entropy, which then comply with the nonfunctional requirements. We illustrate our approach by a case study, which implements the process of managing patients in home care and compare it with the mathematical-based analytic hierarchy process method proposed in the literature. According to our method, the robust solution is computed in just a single step saving significant computational cost with respect to the iterative-based analytic hierarchy process method. In this perspective, the proposed approach can support information systems designers in decision making as it allows to select the most suitable solution for the context in which it must operate.Elaheh PourabbasChiara ParrettiFernando RolliFabrizio PecoraroIEEEarticleAxiomatic designnonfunctional requirementsentropycognitive biasdecisional indeterminancymultiple attribute decision-making methodsElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971ENIEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 156831-156845 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Axiomatic design nonfunctional requirements entropy cognitive bias decisional indeterminancy multiple attribute decision-making methods Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
spellingShingle	Axiomatic design nonfunctional requirements entropy cognitive bias decisional indeterminancy multiple attribute decision-making methods Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Elaheh Pourabbas Chiara Parretti Fernando Rolli Fabrizio Pecoraro Entropy-Based Assessment of Nonfunctional Requirements in Axiomatic Design
description	The main information systems design techniques focus, almost exclusively, on the functional requirements of the system to be implemented. In its standard formulation, axiomatic design has such characteristics. However, in complex operational environments, this can lead to the identification of functionally valid solutions, but do not perfectly adhere to the system’s nonfunctional requirements. In specific operational contexts, particularly in information systems design, neglecting nonfunctional requirements has been identified as a major threat to projects, which can prevent their proper utilization throughout the design process. In this paper, we focus on nonfunctional requirements in axiomatic design, whose impact assessments can only be performed according to a heuristic basis, i.e., by expert judgment. However, the value assignment by experts can lead to a decisional indeterminacy or cognitive bias. To overcome these limitations, we propose the adoption of a methodological approach based on a reinterpretation of the information axiom of axiomatic design in terms of a multi-criteria decision problem. This approach allows the formal inclusion of nonfunctional requirements in the design process, which can be accomplished by setting them as evaluation attributes to achieve the robust design solution. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to evaluate alternative design solutions based on the information theory of entropy, which then comply with the nonfunctional requirements. We illustrate our approach by a case study, which implements the process of managing patients in home care and compare it with the mathematical-based analytic hierarchy process method proposed in the literature. According to our method, the robust solution is computed in just a single step saving significant computational cost with respect to the iterative-based analytic hierarchy process method. In this perspective, the proposed approach can support information systems designers in decision making as it allows to select the most suitable solution for the context in which it must operate.
format	article
author	Elaheh Pourabbas Chiara Parretti Fernando Rolli Fabrizio Pecoraro
author_facet	Elaheh Pourabbas Chiara Parretti Fernando Rolli Fabrizio Pecoraro
author_sort	Elaheh Pourabbas
title	Entropy-Based Assessment of Nonfunctional Requirements in Axiomatic Design
title_short	Entropy-Based Assessment of Nonfunctional Requirements in Axiomatic Design
title_full	Entropy-Based Assessment of Nonfunctional Requirements in Axiomatic Design
title_fullStr	Entropy-Based Assessment of Nonfunctional Requirements in Axiomatic Design
title_full_unstemmed	Entropy-Based Assessment of Nonfunctional Requirements in Axiomatic Design
title_sort	entropy-based assessment of nonfunctional requirements in axiomatic design
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b3dcc8c56a214dd69b6bb46e9ff72f72
work_keys_str_mv	AT elahehpourabbas entropybasedassessmentofnonfunctionalrequirementsinaxiomaticdesign AT chiaraparretti entropybasedassessmentofnonfunctionalrequirementsinaxiomaticdesign AT fernandorolli entropybasedassessmentofnonfunctionalrequirementsinaxiomaticdesign AT fabriziopecoraro entropybasedassessmentofnonfunctionalrequirementsinaxiomaticdesign
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Entropy-Based Assessment of Nonfunctional Requirements in Axiomatic Design

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