Disguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate

ABSTRACT This study demonstrates that the deltaproteobacterium Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus can grow chemolithotrophically by coupling sulfide oxidation to the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite to ammonium. Key genes of known sulfide oxidation pathways are absent from the genome of D. a...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Casper Thorup, Andreas Schramm, Alyssa J. Findlay, Kai W. Finster, Lars Schreiber
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	DNRA DSR nitrate reduction nitrite reduction sulfate reduction sulfide oxidation Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b3fcc7db8dfc43a6b66058f4a242fe9a
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:b3fcc7db8dfc43a6b66058f4a242fe9a
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b3fcc7db8dfc43a6b66058f4a242fe9a2021-11-15T15:51:44ZDisguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate10.1128/mBio.00671-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/b3fcc7db8dfc43a6b66058f4a242fe9a2017-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00671-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT This study demonstrates that the deltaproteobacterium Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus can grow chemolithotrophically by coupling sulfide oxidation to the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite to ammonium. Key genes of known sulfide oxidation pathways are absent from the genome of D. alkaliphilus. Instead, the genome contains all of the genes necessary for sulfate reduction, including a gene for a reductive-type dissimilatory bisulfite reductase (DSR). Despite this, growth by sulfate reduction was not observed. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a very high expression level of sulfate-reduction genes during growth by sulfide oxidation, while inhibition experiments with molybdate pointed to elemental sulfur/polysulfides as intermediates. Consequently, we propose that D. alkaliphilus initially oxidizes sulfide to elemental sulfur, which is then either disproportionated, or oxidized by a reversal of the sulfate reduction pathway. This is the first study providing evidence that a reductive-type DSR is involved in a sulfide oxidation pathway. Transcriptome sequencing further suggests that nitrate reduction to ammonium is performed by a novel type of periplasmic nitrate reductase and an unusual membrane-anchored nitrite reductase. IMPORTANCE Sulfide oxidation and sulfate reduction, the two major branches of the sulfur cycle, are usually ascribed to distinct sets of microbes with distinct diagnostic genes. Here we show a more complex picture, as D. alkaliphilus, with the genomic setup of a sulfate reducer, grows by sulfide oxidation. The high expression of genes typically involved in the sulfate reduction pathway suggests that these genes, including the reductive-type dissimilatory bisulfite reductases, are also involved in as-yet-unresolved sulfide oxidation pathways. Finally, D. alkaliphilus is closely related to cable bacteria, which grow by electrogenic sulfide oxidation. Since there are no pure cultures of cable bacteria, D. alkaliphilus may represent an exciting model organism in which to study the physiology of this process.Casper ThorupAndreas SchrammAlyssa J. FindlayKai W. FinsterLars SchreiberAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleDNRADSRnitrate reductionnitrite reductionsulfate reductionsulfide oxidationMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 4 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	DNRA DSR nitrate reduction nitrite reduction sulfate reduction sulfide oxidation Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	DNRA DSR nitrate reduction nitrite reduction sulfate reduction sulfide oxidation Microbiology QR1-502 Casper Thorup Andreas Schramm Alyssa J. Findlay Kai W. Finster Lars Schreiber Disguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate
description	ABSTRACT This study demonstrates that the deltaproteobacterium Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus can grow chemolithotrophically by coupling sulfide oxidation to the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite to ammonium. Key genes of known sulfide oxidation pathways are absent from the genome of D. alkaliphilus. Instead, the genome contains all of the genes necessary for sulfate reduction, including a gene for a reductive-type dissimilatory bisulfite reductase (DSR). Despite this, growth by sulfate reduction was not observed. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a very high expression level of sulfate-reduction genes during growth by sulfide oxidation, while inhibition experiments with molybdate pointed to elemental sulfur/polysulfides as intermediates. Consequently, we propose that D. alkaliphilus initially oxidizes sulfide to elemental sulfur, which is then either disproportionated, or oxidized by a reversal of the sulfate reduction pathway. This is the first study providing evidence that a reductive-type DSR is involved in a sulfide oxidation pathway. Transcriptome sequencing further suggests that nitrate reduction to ammonium is performed by a novel type of periplasmic nitrate reductase and an unusual membrane-anchored nitrite reductase. IMPORTANCE Sulfide oxidation and sulfate reduction, the two major branches of the sulfur cycle, are usually ascribed to distinct sets of microbes with distinct diagnostic genes. Here we show a more complex picture, as D. alkaliphilus, with the genomic setup of a sulfate reducer, grows by sulfide oxidation. The high expression of genes typically involved in the sulfate reduction pathway suggests that these genes, including the reductive-type dissimilatory bisulfite reductases, are also involved in as-yet-unresolved sulfide oxidation pathways. Finally, D. alkaliphilus is closely related to cable bacteria, which grow by electrogenic sulfide oxidation. Since there are no pure cultures of cable bacteria, D. alkaliphilus may represent an exciting model organism in which to study the physiology of this process.
format	article
author	Casper Thorup Andreas Schramm Alyssa J. Findlay Kai W. Finster Lars Schreiber
author_facet	Casper Thorup Andreas Schramm Alyssa J. Findlay Kai W. Finster Lars Schreiber
author_sort	Casper Thorup
title	Disguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate
title_short	Disguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate
title_full	Disguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate
title_fullStr	Disguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate
title_full_unstemmed	Disguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate
title_sort	disguised as a sulfate reducer: growth of the deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by sulfide oxidation with nitrate
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/b3fcc7db8dfc43a6b66058f4a242fe9a
work_keys_str_mv	AT casperthorup disguisedasasulfatereducergrowthofthedeltaproteobacteriumitalictoggleyesdesulfurivibrioalkaliphilusitalicbysulfideoxidationwithnitrate AT andreasschramm disguisedasasulfatereducergrowthofthedeltaproteobacteriumitalictoggleyesdesulfurivibrioalkaliphilusitalicbysulfideoxidationwithnitrate AT alyssajfindlay disguisedasasulfatereducergrowthofthedeltaproteobacteriumitalictoggleyesdesulfurivibrioalkaliphilusitalicbysulfideoxidationwithnitrate AT kaiwfinster disguisedasasulfatereducergrowthofthedeltaproteobacteriumitalictoggleyesdesulfurivibrioalkaliphilusitalicbysulfideoxidationwithnitrate AT larsschreiber disguisedasasulfatereducergrowthofthedeltaproteobacteriumitalictoggleyesdesulfurivibrioalkaliphilusitalicbysulfideoxidationwithnitrate
_version_	1718427361553154048

Disguised as a Sulfate Reducer: Growth of the Deltaproteobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus</italic> by Sulfide Oxidation with Nitrate

Ejemplares similares