Structure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy.

We determined the genetic maps of the megaplasmids of six neutoroxigenic Clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy using molecular and bioinformatics techniques. The megaplasmids are circular, not linear as we had previously proposed. The differently-sized megaplasmids share a genetic region t...

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Autores principales:	Angelo Iacobino, Concetta Scalfaro, Giovanna Franciosa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b4098fda43624b68bdde3e1e03497358
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b4098fda43624b68bdde3e1e034973582021-11-18T08:59:31ZStructure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0071324https://doaj.org/article/b4098fda43624b68bdde3e1e034973582013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23967192/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203We determined the genetic maps of the megaplasmids of six neutoroxigenic Clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy using molecular and bioinformatics techniques. The megaplasmids are circular, not linear as we had previously proposed. The differently-sized megaplasmids share a genetic region that includes structural, metabolic and regulatory genes. In addition, we found that a 168 kb genetic region is present only in the larger megaplasmids of two tested strains, whereas it is absent from the smaller megaplasmids of the four remaining strains. The genetic region unique to the larger megaplasmids contains, among other features, a locus for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated (cas) genes, i.e. a bacterial adaptive immune system providing sequence-specific protection from invading genetic elements. Some CRISPR spacer sequences of the neurotoxigenic C. butyricum type E strains showed homology to prophage, phage and plasmid sequences from closely related clostridia species or from distant species, all sharing the intestinal habitat, suggesting that the CRISPR locus might be involved in the microorganism adaptation to the human or animal intestinal environment. Besides, we report here that each of four distinct CRISPR spacers partially matched DNA sequences of different prophages and phages, at identical nucleotide locations. This suggests that, at least in neurotoxigenic C. butyricum type E, the CRISPR locus is potentially able to recognize the same conserved DNA sequence of different invading genetic elements, besides targeting sequences unique to previously encountered invading DNA, as currently predicted for a CRISPR locus. Thus, the results of this study introduce the possibility that CRISPR loci can provide resistance to a wider range of invading DNA elements than previously appreciated. Whether it is more advantageous for the peculiar neurotoxigenic C. butyricum type E strains to maintain or to lose the CRISPR-cas system remains an open question.Angelo IacobinoConcetta ScalfaroGiovanna FranciosaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e71324 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Angelo Iacobino Concetta Scalfaro Giovanna Franciosa Structure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy.
description	We determined the genetic maps of the megaplasmids of six neutoroxigenic Clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy using molecular and bioinformatics techniques. The megaplasmids are circular, not linear as we had previously proposed. The differently-sized megaplasmids share a genetic region that includes structural, metabolic and regulatory genes. In addition, we found that a 168 kb genetic region is present only in the larger megaplasmids of two tested strains, whereas it is absent from the smaller megaplasmids of the four remaining strains. The genetic region unique to the larger megaplasmids contains, among other features, a locus for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated (cas) genes, i.e. a bacterial adaptive immune system providing sequence-specific protection from invading genetic elements. Some CRISPR spacer sequences of the neurotoxigenic C. butyricum type E strains showed homology to prophage, phage and plasmid sequences from closely related clostridia species or from distant species, all sharing the intestinal habitat, suggesting that the CRISPR locus might be involved in the microorganism adaptation to the human or animal intestinal environment. Besides, we report here that each of four distinct CRISPR spacers partially matched DNA sequences of different prophages and phages, at identical nucleotide locations. This suggests that, at least in neurotoxigenic C. butyricum type E, the CRISPR locus is potentially able to recognize the same conserved DNA sequence of different invading genetic elements, besides targeting sequences unique to previously encountered invading DNA, as currently predicted for a CRISPR locus. Thus, the results of this study introduce the possibility that CRISPR loci can provide resistance to a wider range of invading DNA elements than previously appreciated. Whether it is more advantageous for the peculiar neurotoxigenic C. butyricum type E strains to maintain or to lose the CRISPR-cas system remains an open question.
format	article
author	Angelo Iacobino Concetta Scalfaro Giovanna Franciosa
author_facet	Angelo Iacobino Concetta Scalfaro Giovanna Franciosa
author_sort	Angelo Iacobino
title	Structure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy.
title_short	Structure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy.
title_full	Structure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy.
title_fullStr	Structure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy.
title_full_unstemmed	Structure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy.
title_sort	structure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type e strains from italy.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/b4098fda43624b68bdde3e1e03497358
work_keys_str_mv	AT angeloiacobino structureandgeneticcontentofthemegaplasmidsofneurotoxigenicclostridiumbutyricumtypeestrainsfromitaly AT concettascalfaro structureandgeneticcontentofthemegaplasmidsofneurotoxigenicclostridiumbutyricumtypeestrainsfromitaly AT giovannafranciosa structureandgeneticcontentofthemegaplasmidsofneurotoxigenicclostridiumbutyricumtypeestrainsfromitaly
_version_	1718421104361472000

Structure and genetic content of the megaplasmids of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum type E strains from Italy.

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