Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines

Huijie Zhang,1,2 Song Chen,3 Chunyi Zhi,4 Tomohiko Yamazaki,1,2 Nobutaka Hanagata1,2,5 1Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; 2Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan; 3Japanese...

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Autores principales:	Zhang H, Chen S, Zhi C, Yamazaki T, Hanagata N
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2013
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b41972f07a6a4caca1065d06f7939b99
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b41972f07a6a4caca1065d06f7939b992021-12-02T06:46:22ZChitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/b41972f07a6a4caca1065d06f7939b992013-05-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/chitosan-coated-boron-nitride-nanospheres-enhance-delivery-of-cpg-olig-a12971https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Huijie Zhang,1,2 Song Chen,3 Chunyi Zhi,4 Tomohiko Yamazaki,1,2 Nobutaka Hanagata1,2,5 1Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; 2Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan; 3Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; 4Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China; 5Nanotechnology Innovation Station, Ibaraki, Japan Background: Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides activate Toll-like receptor 9, leading to induction of proinflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in induction and maintenance of innate and adaptive immune responses. Previously, we have used boron nitride nanospheres (BNNS) as a carrier for delivery of unmodified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to activate Toll-like receptor 9. However, because CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and BNNS are both negatively charged, electrostatic repulsion between them is likely to reduce the loading of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides onto BNNS. Therefore, the efficiency of uptake of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides is also limited and does not result in induction of a robust cytokine response. To ameliorate these problems, we developed a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide delivery system using chitosan-coated BNNS as a carrier. Methods: To facilitate attachment of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides onto the BNNS and improve their loading capacity, we prepared positively charged BNNS by coating them with chitosan preparations of three different molecular weights and used them as carriers for delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Results: The zeta potentials of the BNNS-CS complexes were positive, and chitosan coating improved their dispersity and stability in aqueous solution compared with BNNS. The positive charge of the BNNS-CS complexes greatly improved the loading capacity and cellular uptake efficiency of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. The loading capacity of the CpG oligodeoxynucleotides depended on the molecular weight of chitosan, which affected the positive charge density on the surface of the BNNS. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides loaded onto BNNS-CS complexes significantly enhanced production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a by peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides directly loaded onto BNNS, or when Lipofectamine™ 2000 was used as the carrier. The molecular weight of the chitosan used to coat the BNNS affected the magnitude of cytokine induction by varying the strength of condensation of the CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Conclusion: Although the loading capacity of BNNS coated with low molecular weight chitosan preparations was the lowest of all the preparations, they induced the highest levels of cytokines. Keywords: chitosan, boron nitride nanospheres, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, drug delivery, cytokinesZhang HChen SZhi CYamazaki THanagata NDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2013, Iss default, Pp 1783-1793 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Zhang H Chen S Zhi C Yamazaki T Hanagata N Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines
description	Huijie Zhang,1,2 Song Chen,3 Chunyi Zhi,4 Tomohiko Yamazaki,1,2 Nobutaka Hanagata1,2,5 1Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; 2Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan; 3Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; 4Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China; 5Nanotechnology Innovation Station, Ibaraki, Japan Background: Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides activate Toll-like receptor 9, leading to induction of proinflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in induction and maintenance of innate and adaptive immune responses. Previously, we have used boron nitride nanospheres (BNNS) as a carrier for delivery of unmodified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to activate Toll-like receptor 9. However, because CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and BNNS are both negatively charged, electrostatic repulsion between them is likely to reduce the loading of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides onto BNNS. Therefore, the efficiency of uptake of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides is also limited and does not result in induction of a robust cytokine response. To ameliorate these problems, we developed a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide delivery system using chitosan-coated BNNS as a carrier. Methods: To facilitate attachment of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides onto the BNNS and improve their loading capacity, we prepared positively charged BNNS by coating them with chitosan preparations of three different molecular weights and used them as carriers for delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Results: The zeta potentials of the BNNS-CS complexes were positive, and chitosan coating improved their dispersity and stability in aqueous solution compared with BNNS. The positive charge of the BNNS-CS complexes greatly improved the loading capacity and cellular uptake efficiency of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. The loading capacity of the CpG oligodeoxynucleotides depended on the molecular weight of chitosan, which affected the positive charge density on the surface of the BNNS. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides loaded onto BNNS-CS complexes significantly enhanced production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a by peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides directly loaded onto BNNS, or when Lipofectamine™ 2000 was used as the carrier. The molecular weight of the chitosan used to coat the BNNS affected the magnitude of cytokine induction by varying the strength of condensation of the CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Conclusion: Although the loading capacity of BNNS coated with low molecular weight chitosan preparations was the lowest of all the preparations, they induced the highest levels of cytokines. Keywords: chitosan, boron nitride nanospheres, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, drug delivery, cytokines
format	article
author	Zhang H Chen S Zhi C Yamazaki T Hanagata N
author_facet	Zhang H Chen S Zhi C Yamazaki T Hanagata N
author_sort	Zhang H
title	Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines
title_short	Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines
title_full	Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines
title_fullStr	Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines
title_full_unstemmed	Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines
title_sort	chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of cpg oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/b41972f07a6a4caca1065d06f7939b99
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Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines

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