Dissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.

<h4>Background</h4>Conflict detection and subsequent behavioral adjustment are critical to daily life, and how this process is controlled has been increasingly of interest. A medial cortical region which includes the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been theorized to act as a conflict...

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Autores principales:	Olivia M Hendrick, Jaime S Ide, Xi Luo, Chiang-shan R Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b41c1792e55e4515a5ac247f654b9a63
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b41c1792e55e4515a5ac247f654b9a632021-11-18T07:03:37ZDissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0013155https://doaj.org/article/b41c1792e55e4515a5ac247f654b9a632010-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20949134/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Conflict detection and subsequent behavioral adjustment are critical to daily life, and how this process is controlled has been increasingly of interest. A medial cortical region which includes the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been theorized to act as a conflict detector that can direct prefrontal activity for behavioral adjustments. This conflict monitoring hypothesis was supported by many imaging studies of the Stroop task, with a focus on non-error processes. Here we sought to examine whether this circuit could be generalized to the stop signal task (SST), another behavioral paradigm widely used to study cognitive control. In particular, with a procedure to elicit errors in the SST, we examined whether error and non-error control were mediated by the same pathways.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>In functional magnetic resonance imaging of 60 healthy adults, we demonstrated that the medial cortical activity during stop success (SS) as compared to go success (G) trials is correlated with increased prefrontal activity in post-stop SS as compared to post-go SS trials, though this correlation was not specific to the medial cortical region. Furthermore, thalamic and insular rather than medial cortical activation during stop error (SE) as compared to G trials correlated with increased prefrontal activity in post-stop SS as compared to post-go SS trials.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Taken together, these new findings challenge a specific role of the ACC and support distinct pathways for error and non-error conflict processing in cognitive control.Olivia M HendrickJaime S IdeXi LuoChiang-shan R LiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 10, p e13155 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Olivia M Hendrick Jaime S Ide Xi Luo Chiang-shan R Li Dissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Conflict detection and subsequent behavioral adjustment are critical to daily life, and how this process is controlled has been increasingly of interest. A medial cortical region which includes the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been theorized to act as a conflict detector that can direct prefrontal activity for behavioral adjustments. This conflict monitoring hypothesis was supported by many imaging studies of the Stroop task, with a focus on non-error processes. Here we sought to examine whether this circuit could be generalized to the stop signal task (SST), another behavioral paradigm widely used to study cognitive control. In particular, with a procedure to elicit errors in the SST, we examined whether error and non-error control were mediated by the same pathways.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>In functional magnetic resonance imaging of 60 healthy adults, we demonstrated that the medial cortical activity during stop success (SS) as compared to go success (G) trials is correlated with increased prefrontal activity in post-stop SS as compared to post-go SS trials, though this correlation was not specific to the medial cortical region. Furthermore, thalamic and insular rather than medial cortical activation during stop error (SE) as compared to G trials correlated with increased prefrontal activity in post-stop SS as compared to post-go SS trials.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Taken together, these new findings challenge a specific role of the ACC and support distinct pathways for error and non-error conflict processing in cognitive control.
format	article
author	Olivia M Hendrick Jaime S Ide Xi Luo Chiang-shan R Li
author_facet	Olivia M Hendrick Jaime S Ide Xi Luo Chiang-shan R Li
author_sort	Olivia M Hendrick
title	Dissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.
title_short	Dissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.
title_full	Dissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.
title_fullStr	Dissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.
title_full_unstemmed	Dissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.
title_sort	dissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/b41c1792e55e4515a5ac247f654b9a63
work_keys_str_mv	AT oliviamhendrick dissociableprocessesofcognitivecontrolduringerrorandnonerrorconflictsastudyofthestopsignaltask AT jaimeside dissociableprocessesofcognitivecontrolduringerrorandnonerrorconflictsastudyofthestopsignaltask AT xiluo dissociableprocessesofcognitivecontrolduringerrorandnonerrorconflictsastudyofthestopsignaltask AT chiangshanrli dissociableprocessesofcognitivecontrolduringerrorandnonerrorconflictsastudyofthestopsignaltask
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Dissociable processes of cognitive control during error and non-error conflicts: a study of the stop signal task.

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