Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India

Abstract Biodiesel from inedible sources has become prominent in last few decades. But it is economically incompatible with petroleum diesel. At the same time, both petro-diesel and biodiesels are concerned with environmental pollution, global warming, etc. Algae, on the other hand, utilize CO2 for...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Rachan Karmakar, Anita Rajor, Krishnendu Kundu, Nitin Kumar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2017
Materias:	Algae Biodiesel Biodiesel properties Transesterification Oil extraction Science Q Petrology QE420-499
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b41e184a317742cb80957c66a4ad4c7f
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:b41e184a317742cb80957c66a4ad4c7f
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b41e184a317742cb80957c66a4ad4c7f2021-12-02T09:28:49ZProduction of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India10.1007/s12182-017-0203-01672-51071995-8226https://doaj.org/article/b41e184a317742cb80957c66a4ad4c7f2017-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12182-017-0203-0https://doaj.org/toc/1672-5107https://doaj.org/toc/1995-8226Abstract Biodiesel from inedible sources has become prominent in last few decades. But it is economically incompatible with petroleum diesel. At the same time, both petro-diesel and biodiesels are concerned with environmental pollution, global warming, etc. Algae, on the other hand, utilize CO2 for their growth and can minimize some sort of pollution level and results in carbon credit for a country. In Punjab, India, algae are seen to grow in many water bodies. But all those are taken away and dumped in vats. Some of this huge biomass was used for production of biodiesel in this work. Extraction of oil from algae was conducted by using Soxtherm (solvent extraction). An amount of 9 wt% of algal oil was extracted by comparatively costly hexane, whereas 8% extraction was done by cheaper acetone. In the transesterification reaction, molar ratio (methanol: oil) of 6:1, catalyst (KOH) concentration of 3 wt%, reaction temperature of 60 °C, 60 min reaction time and a settling time of 2.5 h were found to be optimum conditions to get maximum ester with minimum free fatty acid content and viscosity. A statistical analysis for the transesterification procedure also showed a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1 and catalyst concentration of 3 wt% to be the optimum. Characterization of biodiesel was done and compared with ASTM/BIS standards. Most important properties of biodiesel ester like viscosity (3.12 cSt or 3.12 mm2/s), cloud and pour point (−1 and −6 °C, respectively), flash and fire point (153 and 158 °C), carbon residue content (0.03%), acid number (0.36 mg of KOH/gm) were within the range of concerned standards.Rachan KarmakarAnita RajorKrishnendu KunduNitin KumarKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.articleAlgaeBiodieselBiodiesel propertiesTransesterificationOil extractionScienceQPetrologyQE420-499ENPetroleum Science, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 164-175 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Algae Biodiesel Biodiesel properties Transesterification Oil extraction Science Q Petrology QE420-499
spellingShingle	Algae Biodiesel Biodiesel properties Transesterification Oil extraction Science Q Petrology QE420-499 Rachan Karmakar Anita Rajor Krishnendu Kundu Nitin Kumar Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India
description	Abstract Biodiesel from inedible sources has become prominent in last few decades. But it is economically incompatible with petroleum diesel. At the same time, both petro-diesel and biodiesels are concerned with environmental pollution, global warming, etc. Algae, on the other hand, utilize CO2 for their growth and can minimize some sort of pollution level and results in carbon credit for a country. In Punjab, India, algae are seen to grow in many water bodies. But all those are taken away and dumped in vats. Some of this huge biomass was used for production of biodiesel in this work. Extraction of oil from algae was conducted by using Soxtherm (solvent extraction). An amount of 9 wt% of algal oil was extracted by comparatively costly hexane, whereas 8% extraction was done by cheaper acetone. In the transesterification reaction, molar ratio (methanol: oil) of 6:1, catalyst (KOH) concentration of 3 wt%, reaction temperature of 60 °C, 60 min reaction time and a settling time of 2.5 h were found to be optimum conditions to get maximum ester with minimum free fatty acid content and viscosity. A statistical analysis for the transesterification procedure also showed a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1 and catalyst concentration of 3 wt% to be the optimum. Characterization of biodiesel was done and compared with ASTM/BIS standards. Most important properties of biodiesel ester like viscosity (3.12 cSt or 3.12 mm2/s), cloud and pour point (−1 and −6 °C, respectively), flash and fire point (153 and 158 °C), carbon residue content (0.03%), acid number (0.36 mg of KOH/gm) were within the range of concerned standards.
format	article
author	Rachan Karmakar Anita Rajor Krishnendu Kundu Nitin Kumar
author_facet	Rachan Karmakar Anita Rajor Krishnendu Kundu Nitin Kumar
author_sort	Rachan Karmakar
title	Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India
title_short	Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India
title_full	Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India
title_fullStr	Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India
title_full_unstemmed	Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India
title_sort	production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in punjab, india
publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/b41e184a317742cb80957c66a4ad4c7f
work_keys_str_mv	AT rachankarmakar productionofbiodieselfromunusedalgalbiomassinpunjabindia AT anitarajor productionofbiodieselfromunusedalgalbiomassinpunjabindia AT krishnendukundu productionofbiodieselfromunusedalgalbiomassinpunjabindia AT nitinkumar productionofbiodieselfromunusedalgalbiomassinpunjabindia
_version_	1718398142552997888

Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India

Ejemplares similares