Regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide

Saud Alarifi,1 Huma Ali,2 Saad Alkahtani,1 Mohammed S Alessia3 1Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, MP, India; 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Imam Muham...

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Autores principales:	Alarifi S, Ali H, Alkahtani S, Alessia MS
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:	GNPs SH-SY5Y cells Apoptosis ROS DNA fragmentation Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b4293e2a2a2d4066bc4b5a76c33ff31f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b4293e2a2a2d4066bc4b5a76c33ff31f2021-12-02T07:13:45ZRegulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/b4293e2a2a2d4066bc4b5a76c33ff31f2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/regulation-of-apoptosis-through-bcl-2bax-proteins-expression-and-dna-d-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Saud Alarifi,1 Huma Ali,2 Saad Alkahtani,1 Mohammed S Alessia3 1Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, MP, India; 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abstract: Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles (GNPs) are applied in industrial products, for example, additives, optical glass, and catalysis. There are various suggestions of metal nanoparticles paradigm but the underlying basic mechanism about the toxicity of metal nanoparticles, for example GNPs, remains unclear. This experiment was done to measure the effective toxicity of GNPs (10, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) over 24 and 48 h and to evaluate toxicity mechanism in human neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cells. GNPs produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), as evaluated by 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Due to incorporation into cells, GNPs generated ROS in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. To determine the toxicity of GNP mechanism related to ROS, we also found chromosome condensation and dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after exposure of GNPs. Furthermore, the increased cell apoptosis rate and DNA fragmentation were closely related to the increased dose and exposure duration of GNPs in SH-SY5Y cells. The reduction in MMP with a simultaneous increase in the expression of bax/bcl2 gene ratio indicated that mitochondria-mediated pathway involved in GNPs induced apoptosis. Thus, our finding has provided valuable insights into the probable mechanism of apoptosis caused by GNPs at in vitro level. Keywords: GNPs, SH-SY5Y cells, apoptosis, ROS, DNA fragmentationAlarifi SAli HAlkahtani SAlessia MSDove Medical PressarticleGNPsSH-SY5Y cellsApoptosisROSDNA fragmentationMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 12, Pp 4541-4551 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	GNPs SH-SY5Y cells Apoptosis ROS DNA fragmentation Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	GNPs SH-SY5Y cells Apoptosis ROS DNA fragmentation Medicine (General) R5-920 Alarifi S Ali H Alkahtani S Alessia MS Regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide
description	Saud Alarifi,1 Huma Ali,2 Saad Alkahtani,1 Mohammed S Alessia3 1Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, MP, India; 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abstract: Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles (GNPs) are applied in industrial products, for example, additives, optical glass, and catalysis. There are various suggestions of metal nanoparticles paradigm but the underlying basic mechanism about the toxicity of metal nanoparticles, for example GNPs, remains unclear. This experiment was done to measure the effective toxicity of GNPs (10, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) over 24 and 48 h and to evaluate toxicity mechanism in human neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cells. GNPs produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), as evaluated by 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Due to incorporation into cells, GNPs generated ROS in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. To determine the toxicity of GNP mechanism related to ROS, we also found chromosome condensation and dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after exposure of GNPs. Furthermore, the increased cell apoptosis rate and DNA fragmentation were closely related to the increased dose and exposure duration of GNPs in SH-SY5Y cells. The reduction in MMP with a simultaneous increase in the expression of bax/bcl2 gene ratio indicated that mitochondria-mediated pathway involved in GNPs induced apoptosis. Thus, our finding has provided valuable insights into the probable mechanism of apoptosis caused by GNPs at in vitro level. Keywords: GNPs, SH-SY5Y cells, apoptosis, ROS, DNA fragmentation
format	article
author	Alarifi S Ali H Alkahtani S Alessia MS
author_facet	Alarifi S Ali H Alkahtani S Alessia MS
author_sort	Alarifi S
title	Regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide
title_short	Regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide
title_full	Regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide
title_fullStr	Regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide
title_full_unstemmed	Regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide
title_sort	regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and dna damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/b4293e2a2a2d4066bc4b5a76c33ff31f
work_keys_str_mv	AT alarifis regulationofapoptosisthroughbcl2baxproteinsexpressionanddnadamagebynanosizedgadoliniumoxide AT alih regulationofapoptosisthroughbcl2baxproteinsexpressionanddnadamagebynanosizedgadoliniumoxide AT alkahtanis regulationofapoptosisthroughbcl2baxproteinsexpressionanddnadamagebynanosizedgadoliniumoxide AT alessiams regulationofapoptosisthroughbcl2baxproteinsexpressionanddnadamagebynanosizedgadoliniumoxide
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Regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide

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