Quantification of CH4 coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO2 and Methane (CoMet) campaign

Methane (CH4) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, whose atmospheric concentration is modulated by human-induced activities, and it has a larger global warming potential than carbon dioxid...

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Autores principales:	S. Krautwurst, K. Gerilowski, J. Borchardt, N. Wildmann, M. Gałkowski, J. Swolkień, J. Marshall, A. Fiehn, A. Roiger, T. Ruhtz, C. Gerbig, J. Necki, J. P. Burrows, A. Fix, H. Bovensmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:	Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b42a46de4bc84345a12fe2bd3bdc3eb2
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language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 S. Krautwurst K. Gerilowski J. Borchardt N. Wildmann M. Gałkowski M. Gałkowski J. Swolkień J. Marshall A. Fiehn A. Roiger T. Ruhtz C. Gerbig J. Necki J. P. Burrows A. Fix H. Bovensmann Quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane (CoMet) campaign
description	<p>Methane (<span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span>) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, whose atmospheric concentration is modulated by human-induced activities, and it has a larger global warming potential than carbon dioxide (<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span>). Because of its short atmospheric lifetime relative to that of <span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span>, the reduction of the atmospheric abundance of <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> is an attractive target for short-term climate mitigation strategies. However, reducing the atmospheric <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> concentration requires a reduction of its emissions and, therefore, knowledge of its sources.</p> <p>For this reason, the <span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span> and Methane (CoMet) campaign in May and June 2018 assessed emissions of one of the largest <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> emission hot spots in Europe, the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in southern Poland, using top-down approaches and inventory data. In this study, we will focus on <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> column anomalies retrieved from spectral radiance observations, which were acquired by the 1D nadir-looking passive remote sensing Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument, using the weighting-function-modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS) method. The column anomalies, combined with wind lidar measurements, are inverted to cross-sectional fluxes using a mass balance approach. With the help of these fluxes, reported emissions of small clusters of coal mine ventilation shafts are then assessed.</p> <p>The MAMAP <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> column observations enable an accurate assignment of observed fluxes to small clusters of ventilation shafts. <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> fluxes are estimated for four clusters with a total of 23 ventilation shafts, which are responsible for about 40 <span class="inline-formula">%</span> of the total <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> mining emissions in the target area. The observations were made during several overflights on different days. The final average <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> fluxes for the single clusters (or sub-clusters) range from about 1 to 9 <span class="inline-formula">t CH<sub>4</sub> h<sup>−1</sup></span> at the time of the campaign. The fluxes observed at one cluster during different overflights vary by as much as 50 <span class="inline-formula">%</span> of the average value. Associated errors (1<span class="inline-formula"><i>σ</i></span>) are usually between 15 <span class="inline-formula">%</span> and 59 <span class="inline-formula">%</span> of the average flux, depending mainly on the prevailing wind conditions, the number of flight tracks, and the magnitude of the flux itself. Comparison to known hourly emissions, where available, shows good agreement within the uncertainties. If only emissions reported annually are available for comparison with the observations, caution is advised due to possible fluctuations in emissions during a year or even within hours. To measure emissions even more precisely and to break them down further for allocation to<span id="page17346"/> individual shafts in a complex source region such as the USCB, imaging remote sensing instruments are recommended.</p>
format	article
author	S. Krautwurst K. Gerilowski J. Borchardt N. Wildmann M. Gałkowski M. Gałkowski J. Swolkień J. Marshall A. Fiehn A. Roiger T. Ruhtz C. Gerbig J. Necki J. P. Burrows A. Fix H. Bovensmann
author_facet	S. Krautwurst K. Gerilowski J. Borchardt N. Wildmann M. Gałkowski M. Gałkowski J. Swolkień J. Marshall A. Fiehn A. Roiger T. Ruhtz C. Gerbig J. Necki J. P. Burrows A. Fix H. Bovensmann
author_sort	S. Krautwurst
title	Quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane (CoMet) campaign
title_short	Quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane (CoMet) campaign
title_full	Quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane (CoMet) campaign
title_fullStr	Quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane (CoMet) campaign
title_full_unstemmed	Quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane (CoMet) campaign
title_sort	quantification of ch<sub>4</sub> coal mining emissions in upper silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the methane airborne mapper (mamap) instrument during the co<sub>2</sub> and methane (comet) campaign
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b42a46de4bc84345a12fe2bd3bdc3eb2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b42a46de4bc84345a12fe2bd3bdc3eb22021-12-01T10:33:08ZQuantification of CH<sub>4</sub> coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane (CoMet) campaign10.5194/acp-21-17345-20211680-73161680-7324https://doaj.org/article/b42a46de4bc84345a12fe2bd3bdc3eb22021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/17345/2021/acp-21-17345-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324<p>Methane (<span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span>) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, whose atmospheric concentration is modulated by human-induced activities, and it has a larger global warming potential than carbon dioxide (<span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span>). Because of its short atmospheric lifetime relative to that of <span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span>, the reduction of the atmospheric abundance of <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> is an attractive target for short-term climate mitigation strategies. However, reducing the atmospheric <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> concentration requires a reduction of its emissions and, therefore, knowledge of its sources.</p> <p>For this reason, the <span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span> and Methane (CoMet) campaign in May and June 2018 assessed emissions of one of the largest <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> emission hot spots in Europe, the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in southern Poland, using top-down approaches and inventory data. In this study, we will focus on <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> column anomalies retrieved from spectral radiance observations, which were acquired by the 1D nadir-looking passive remote sensing Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument, using the weighting-function-modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS) method. The column anomalies, combined with wind lidar measurements, are inverted to cross-sectional fluxes using a mass balance approach. With the help of these fluxes, reported emissions of small clusters of coal mine ventilation shafts are then assessed.</p> <p>The MAMAP <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> column observations enable an accurate assignment of observed fluxes to small clusters of ventilation shafts. <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> fluxes are estimated for four clusters with a total of 23 ventilation shafts, which are responsible for about 40 <span class="inline-formula">%</span> of the total <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> mining emissions in the target area. The observations were made during several overflights on different days. The final average <span class="inline-formula">CH<sub>4</sub></span> fluxes for the single clusters (or sub-clusters) range from about 1 to 9 <span class="inline-formula">t CH<sub>4</sub> h<sup>−1</sup></span> at the time of the campaign. The fluxes observed at one cluster during different overflights vary by as much as 50 <span class="inline-formula">%</span> of the average value. Associated errors (1<span class="inline-formula"><i>σ</i></span>) are usually between 15 <span class="inline-formula">%</span> and 59 <span class="inline-formula">%</span> of the average flux, depending mainly on the prevailing wind conditions, the number of flight tracks, and the magnitude of the flux itself. Comparison to known hourly emissions, where available, shows good agreement within the uncertainties. If only emissions reported annually are available for comparison with the observations, caution is advised due to possible fluctuations in emissions during a year or even within hours. To measure emissions even more precisely and to break them down further for allocation to<span id="page17346"/> individual shafts in a complex source region such as the USCB, imaging remote sensing instruments are recommended.</p>S. KrautwurstK. GerilowskiJ. BorchardtN. WildmannM. GałkowskiM. GałkowskiJ. SwolkieńJ. MarshallA. FiehnA. RoigerT. RuhtzC. GerbigJ. NeckiJ. P. BurrowsA. FixH. BovensmannCopernicus PublicationsarticlePhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 17345-17371 (2021)

Quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> coal mining emissions in Upper Silesia by passive airborne remote sensing observations with the Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument during the CO<sub>2</sub> and Methane (CoMet) campaign

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