Growth curves and their implications in hand-fed Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)

Christina Petzinger,1,2 J Jill Heatley,3 John E Bauer1,2 1Comparative Animal Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 3Zoological Medicine...

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Autores principales:	Petzinger C, Heatley JJ, Bauer JE
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b465723ae5c94614bbd496ad26783c7a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b465723ae5c94614bbd496ad26783c7a2021-12-02T08:12:05ZGrowth curves and their implications in hand-fed Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)2230-2034https://doaj.org/article/b465723ae5c94614bbd496ad26783c7a2015-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/growth-curves-and-their-implications-in-hand-fed-monk-parrots-myiopsit-peer-reviewed-article-VMRRhttps://doaj.org/toc/2230-2034Christina Petzinger,1,2 J Jill Heatley,3 John E Bauer1,2 1Comparative Animal Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 3Zoological Medicine Service, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Abstract: Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) were hand-fed over two chick seasons spanning of 2010 to 2011. Information from the growth curve of chicks hand-fed in 2010 was used to develop a feeding protocol for the 2011 season (Protocol-2011). This protocol addressed the problems of delayed followed by excessive growth experienced by parrots hand fed in 2010. Monk parrots that were hand-fed in 2011 following the new protocol experienced delayed growth after 20 days of age. However, some Monk parrots were fed in excess of Protocol-2011 and did not experience a major delay in growth. The energy requirement equations used to construct Protocol-2011 were low when compared to adult Monk parrot maintenance energy requirements. The data suggest that growing birds do not require approximately twice their adult maintenance energy requirements, as is the case for growing dogs. Additionally, there appear to be fluctuations in energy needs as Monk parrots grow. A major increase in energy needs occurred between days 18 and 23 posthatching, which corresponds to feather development and growth in Monk parrot chicks. Thus, multiple equations estimating energy requirements, rather than just one equation, are likely needed from hatching to fledging in order to ensure adequate energy is provided to chicks. More research on the energy requirements of growing Monk parrots, especially around the time of fledging and weaning, is needed to improve hand-fed methods and potentially the adult health of hand-fed birds. Keywords: psittacine, energy requirement, Quaker parrot, hand feeding, chick, hand-fedPetzinger CHeatley JJBauer JEDove Medical PressarticleVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 321-327 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Petzinger C Heatley JJ Bauer JE Growth curves and their implications in hand-fed Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)
description	Christina Petzinger,1,2 J Jill Heatley,3 John E Bauer1,2 1Comparative Animal Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 3Zoological Medicine Service, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Abstract: Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) were hand-fed over two chick seasons spanning of 2010 to 2011. Information from the growth curve of chicks hand-fed in 2010 was used to develop a feeding protocol for the 2011 season (Protocol-2011). This protocol addressed the problems of delayed followed by excessive growth experienced by parrots hand fed in 2010. Monk parrots that were hand-fed in 2011 following the new protocol experienced delayed growth after 20 days of age. However, some Monk parrots were fed in excess of Protocol-2011 and did not experience a major delay in growth. The energy requirement equations used to construct Protocol-2011 were low when compared to adult Monk parrot maintenance energy requirements. The data suggest that growing birds do not require approximately twice their adult maintenance energy requirements, as is the case for growing dogs. Additionally, there appear to be fluctuations in energy needs as Monk parrots grow. A major increase in energy needs occurred between days 18 and 23 posthatching, which corresponds to feather development and growth in Monk parrot chicks. Thus, multiple equations estimating energy requirements, rather than just one equation, are likely needed from hatching to fledging in order to ensure adequate energy is provided to chicks. More research on the energy requirements of growing Monk parrots, especially around the time of fledging and weaning, is needed to improve hand-fed methods and potentially the adult health of hand-fed birds. Keywords: psittacine, energy requirement, Quaker parrot, hand feeding, chick, hand-fed
format	article
author	Petzinger C Heatley JJ Bauer JE
author_facet	Petzinger C Heatley JJ Bauer JE
author_sort	Petzinger C
title	Growth curves and their implications in hand-fed Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)
title_short	Growth curves and their implications in hand-fed Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)
title_full	Growth curves and their implications in hand-fed Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)
title_fullStr	Growth curves and their implications in hand-fed Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)
title_full_unstemmed	Growth curves and their implications in hand-fed Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)
title_sort	growth curves and their implications in hand-fed monk parrots (myiopsitta monachus)
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/b465723ae5c94614bbd496ad26783c7a
work_keys_str_mv	AT petzingerc growthcurvesandtheirimplicationsinhandfedmonkparrotsmyiopsittamonachus AT heatleyjj growthcurvesandtheirimplicationsinhandfedmonkparrotsmyiopsittamonachus AT bauerje growthcurvesandtheirimplicationsinhandfedmonkparrotsmyiopsittamonachus
_version_	1718398622236672000

Growth curves and their implications in hand-fed Monk parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)

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