High genetic differentiation between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.

<h4>Background</h4>Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria, is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa. In an attempt to eliminate infective mosquitoes, researchers are trying to develop transgenic strains that are refractory to the Plasmodium parasite. Before any release o...

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Autores principales:	Caroline Esnault, Matthieu Boulesteix, Jean Bernard Duchemin, Alphonsine A Koffi, Fabrice Chandre, Roch Dabiré, Vincent Robert, Frédéric Simard, Frédéric Tripet, Martin J Donnelly, Didier Fontenille, Christian Biémont
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b48a9a421f354d1bb4ebc52bbe0f8a99
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b48a9a421f354d1bb4ebc52bbe0f8a992021-11-25T06:12:48ZHigh genetic differentiation between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0001968https://doaj.org/article/b48a9a421f354d1bb4ebc52bbe0f8a992008-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18414665/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria, is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa. In an attempt to eliminate infective mosquitoes, researchers are trying to develop transgenic strains that are refractory to the Plasmodium parasite. Before any release of transgenic mosquitoes can be envisaged, we need an accurate picture of the differentiation between the two molecular forms of An. gambiae, termed M and S, which are of uncertain taxonomic status.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Insertion patterns of three transposable elements (TEs) were determined in populations from Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, and Tanzania, using Transposon Display, a TE-anchored strategy based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism. The results reveal a clear differentiation between the M and S forms, whatever their geographical origin, suggesting an incipient speciation process.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Any attempt to control the transmission of malaria by An. gambiae using either conventional or novel technologies must take the M/S genetic differentiation into account. In addition, we localized three TE insertion sites that were present either in every individual or at a high frequency in the M molecular form. These sites were found to be located outside the chromosomal regions that are suspected of involvement in the speciation event between the two forms. This suggests that these chromosomal regions are either larger than previously thought, or there are additional differentiated genomic regions interspersed with undifferentiated regions.Caroline EsnaultMatthieu BoulesteixJean Bernard DucheminAlphonsine A KoffiFabrice ChandreRoch DabiréVincent RobertFrédéric SimardFrédéric TripetMartin J DonnellyDidier FontenilleChristian BiémontPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 4, p e1968 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Caroline Esnault Matthieu Boulesteix Jean Bernard Duchemin Alphonsine A Koffi Fabrice Chandre Roch Dabiré Vincent Robert Frédéric Simard Frédéric Tripet Martin J Donnelly Didier Fontenille Christian Biémont High genetic differentiation between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of malaria, is widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa. In an attempt to eliminate infective mosquitoes, researchers are trying to develop transgenic strains that are refractory to the Plasmodium parasite. Before any release of transgenic mosquitoes can be envisaged, we need an accurate picture of the differentiation between the two molecular forms of An. gambiae, termed M and S, which are of uncertain taxonomic status.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Insertion patterns of three transposable elements (TEs) were determined in populations from Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, and Tanzania, using Transposon Display, a TE-anchored strategy based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism. The results reveal a clear differentiation between the M and S forms, whatever their geographical origin, suggesting an incipient speciation process.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Any attempt to control the transmission of malaria by An. gambiae using either conventional or novel technologies must take the M/S genetic differentiation into account. In addition, we localized three TE insertion sites that were present either in every individual or at a high frequency in the M molecular form. These sites were found to be located outside the chromosomal regions that are suspected of involvement in the speciation event between the two forms. This suggests that these chromosomal regions are either larger than previously thought, or there are additional differentiated genomic regions interspersed with undifferentiated regions.
format	article
author	Caroline Esnault Matthieu Boulesteix Jean Bernard Duchemin Alphonsine A Koffi Fabrice Chandre Roch Dabiré Vincent Robert Frédéric Simard Frédéric Tripet Martin J Donnelly Didier Fontenille Christian Biémont
author_facet	Caroline Esnault Matthieu Boulesteix Jean Bernard Duchemin Alphonsine A Koffi Fabrice Chandre Roch Dabiré Vincent Robert Frédéric Simard Frédéric Tripet Martin J Donnelly Didier Fontenille Christian Biémont
author_sort	Caroline Esnault
title	High genetic differentiation between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.
title_short	High genetic differentiation between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.
title_full	High genetic differentiation between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.
title_fullStr	High genetic differentiation between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.
title_full_unstemmed	High genetic differentiation between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.
title_sort	high genetic differentiation between the m and s molecular forms of anopheles gambiae in africa.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/b48a9a421f354d1bb4ebc52bbe0f8a99
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High genetic differentiation between the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae in Africa.

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