Indigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the Inga and Camëntsá Communities in Putumayo, Colombia

The Camëntsá and Inga indigenous communities still rely on agroforestry systems for their livelihood attainment, although globalization effects have also reached their settlements. Agroforestry systems, especially home gardens, are experiencing reduced size and...

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Autores principales:	Vandreé Julián Palacios Bucheli, Robert Williams Cárcamo Mallen, Adolfo Álvarez Macias, Claudia Coral, Wolfgang Bokelmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	agrisilvicultural agrosilvopastoral biodiversity socioeconomic transformations silvopastoral Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b48aac4d11cc401f8b49163f80f08543
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b48aac4d11cc401f8b49163f80f085432021-11-25T17:38:00ZIndigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the <i>Inga</i> and <i>Camëntsá</i> Communities in Putumayo, Colombia10.3390/f121115031999-4907https://doaj.org/article/b48aac4d11cc401f8b49163f80f085432021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1503https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907The <i>Camëntsá</i> and <i>Inga</i> indigenous communities still rely on agroforestry systems for their livelihood attainment, although globalization effects have also reached their settlements. Agroforestry systems, especially home gardens, are experiencing reduced size and species diversity and therefore gradually disappearing. This research aims to determine the indigenous family labor contribution to agroforestry systems as a strategy to secure their livelihoods. The methods include a census, household survey, interviews with key informants, and direct observation. Family labor contributes to reducing production costs in agroforestry systems. Three groups of households were identified from the cluster analysis to determine the family labor contribution: smaller, medium-sized, and larger farms. The smaller farms register better economic indicators compared to the other two groups. In addition, they show a positive cost–benefit ratio and profitability, which is explained by lower production costs compared to the gross income generated. Although larger farms have higher gross revenues, these households also assume higher production costs and incur higher input costs. Medium-sized farms face the worst scenario. There is a relationship between the use of family labor and the achievement of livelihoods related to economic indicators and biodiversity and the variety of species harvested on farms and used for self-consumption. Family labor helps to ensure local food security and generate income.Vandreé Julián Palacios BucheliRobert Williams Cárcamo MallenAdolfo Álvarez MaciasClaudia CoralWolfgang BokelmannMDPI AGarticleagrisilviculturalagrosilvopastoralbiodiversitysocioeconomic transformationssilvopastoralPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1503, p 1503 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	agrisilvicultural agrosilvopastoral biodiversity socioeconomic transformations silvopastoral Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	agrisilvicultural agrosilvopastoral biodiversity socioeconomic transformations silvopastoral Plant ecology QK900-989 Vandreé Julián Palacios Bucheli Robert Williams Cárcamo Mallen Adolfo Álvarez Macias Claudia Coral Wolfgang Bokelmann Indigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the <i>Inga</i> and <i>Camëntsá</i> Communities in Putumayo, Colombia
description	The <i>Camëntsá</i> and <i>Inga</i> indigenous communities still rely on agroforestry systems for their livelihood attainment, although globalization effects have also reached their settlements. Agroforestry systems, especially home gardens, are experiencing reduced size and species diversity and therefore gradually disappearing. This research aims to determine the indigenous family labor contribution to agroforestry systems as a strategy to secure their livelihoods. The methods include a census, household survey, interviews with key informants, and direct observation. Family labor contributes to reducing production costs in agroforestry systems. Three groups of households were identified from the cluster analysis to determine the family labor contribution: smaller, medium-sized, and larger farms. The smaller farms register better economic indicators compared to the other two groups. In addition, they show a positive cost–benefit ratio and profitability, which is explained by lower production costs compared to the gross income generated. Although larger farms have higher gross revenues, these households also assume higher production costs and incur higher input costs. Medium-sized farms face the worst scenario. There is a relationship between the use of family labor and the achievement of livelihoods related to economic indicators and biodiversity and the variety of species harvested on farms and used for self-consumption. Family labor helps to ensure local food security and generate income.
format	article
author	Vandreé Julián Palacios Bucheli Robert Williams Cárcamo Mallen Adolfo Álvarez Macias Claudia Coral Wolfgang Bokelmann
author_facet	Vandreé Julián Palacios Bucheli Robert Williams Cárcamo Mallen Adolfo Álvarez Macias Claudia Coral Wolfgang Bokelmann
author_sort	Vandreé Julián Palacios Bucheli
title	Indigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the <i>Inga</i> and <i>Camëntsá</i> Communities in Putumayo, Colombia
title_short	Indigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the <i>Inga</i> and <i>Camëntsá</i> Communities in Putumayo, Colombia
title_full	Indigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the <i>Inga</i> and <i>Camëntsá</i> Communities in Putumayo, Colombia
title_fullStr	Indigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the <i>Inga</i> and <i>Camëntsá</i> Communities in Putumayo, Colombia
title_full_unstemmed	Indigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the <i>Inga</i> and <i>Camëntsá</i> Communities in Putumayo, Colombia
title_sort	indigenous family labor in agroforestry systems in the context of global transformations: the case of the <i>inga</i> and <i>camëntsá</i> communities in putumayo, colombia
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b48aac4d11cc401f8b49163f80f08543
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Indigenous Family Labor in Agroforestry Systems in the Context of Global Transformations: The Case of the <i>Inga</i> and <i>Camëntsá</i> Communities in Putumayo, Colombia

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