Transforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the Girls’ Holistic Development program in rural Senegal

Plain language summary During adolescence in Senegal, as elsewhere, decisions on whether to keep girls in school and at what age to marry girls are made by their caregivers and influenced by family and community members. Early pregnancy occurs at these ages, either before or during marriage. These s...

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Autores principales:	Anjalee Kohli, Bryan Shaw, Mathilde Guntzberger, Judi Aubel, Mamadou Coulibaly, Susan Igras
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Social norms Reproductive health Communication Empowerment Education Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b4a163a034b94a1081653a44259127fc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b4a163a034b94a1081653a44259127fc2021-12-05T12:20:13ZTransforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the Girls’ Holistic Development program in rural Senegal10.1186/s12978-021-01295-51742-4755https://doaj.org/article/b4a163a034b94a1081653a44259127fc2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01295-5https://doaj.org/toc/1742-4755Plain language summary During adolescence in Senegal, as elsewhere, decisions on whether to keep girls in school and at what age to marry girls are made by their caregivers and influenced by family and community members. Early pregnancy occurs at these ages, either before or during marriage. These social influences, called social norms, set expectations for parents and girls. The Grandmothers Project—Change through Culture developed an intervention to shift social norms and change these three outcomes—early pregnancy, early marriage and keeping girls in school. The project, called Girls Holistic Development (GHD), builds on local relationships between girls, grandmothers, parents and community leaders and local values to facilitate discussion, reflection, collaboration and advocacy. This study used realist evaluation methods, including qualitative and quantitative interview and focus group discussions, to understand whether these shifts in norms and behaviors took place. Research took place with girls, grandmothers and male and female caregivers 18 months after GHD started. Quantitative survey included 7 intervention and 7 comparison villages. Results supported GHDs’ expectations and strategy. In intervention villages, grandmothers and girls reported closer relationships; parents considered grandmothers important sources of advice. Girls, grandmothers and caregivers described social expectations as favoring girl’s education, marriage at older ages and development of strategies to prevent girl’s pregnancy in intervention villages. This evaluation provided strong support for GHDs’ ability to shift social norms to improve girls’ outcomes. By working with local relationships and values, GHD created more communication between community and family members and facilitated increased social bonds within the community.Anjalee KohliBryan ShawMathilde GuntzbergerJudi AubelMamadou CoulibalySusan IgrasBMCarticleSocial normsReproductive healthCommunicationEmpowermentEducationGynecology and obstetricsRG1-991ENReproductive Health, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Social norms Reproductive health Communication Empowerment Education Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991
spellingShingle	Social norms Reproductive health Communication Empowerment Education Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Anjalee Kohli Bryan Shaw Mathilde Guntzberger Judi Aubel Mamadou Coulibaly Susan Igras Transforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the Girls’ Holistic Development program in rural Senegal
description	Plain language summary During adolescence in Senegal, as elsewhere, decisions on whether to keep girls in school and at what age to marry girls are made by their caregivers and influenced by family and community members. Early pregnancy occurs at these ages, either before or during marriage. These social influences, called social norms, set expectations for parents and girls. The Grandmothers Project—Change through Culture developed an intervention to shift social norms and change these three outcomes—early pregnancy, early marriage and keeping girls in school. The project, called Girls Holistic Development (GHD), builds on local relationships between girls, grandmothers, parents and community leaders and local values to facilitate discussion, reflection, collaboration and advocacy. This study used realist evaluation methods, including qualitative and quantitative interview and focus group discussions, to understand whether these shifts in norms and behaviors took place. Research took place with girls, grandmothers and male and female caregivers 18 months after GHD started. Quantitative survey included 7 intervention and 7 comparison villages. Results supported GHDs’ expectations and strategy. In intervention villages, grandmothers and girls reported closer relationships; parents considered grandmothers important sources of advice. Girls, grandmothers and caregivers described social expectations as favoring girl’s education, marriage at older ages and development of strategies to prevent girl’s pregnancy in intervention villages. This evaluation provided strong support for GHDs’ ability to shift social norms to improve girls’ outcomes. By working with local relationships and values, GHD created more communication between community and family members and facilitated increased social bonds within the community.
format	article
author	Anjalee Kohli Bryan Shaw Mathilde Guntzberger Judi Aubel Mamadou Coulibaly Susan Igras
author_facet	Anjalee Kohli Bryan Shaw Mathilde Guntzberger Judi Aubel Mamadou Coulibaly Susan Igras
author_sort	Anjalee Kohli
title	Transforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the Girls’ Holistic Development program in rural Senegal
title_short	Transforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the Girls’ Holistic Development program in rural Senegal
title_full	Transforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the Girls’ Holistic Development program in rural Senegal
title_fullStr	Transforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the Girls’ Holistic Development program in rural Senegal
title_full_unstemmed	Transforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the Girls’ Holistic Development program in rural Senegal
title_sort	transforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the girls’ holistic development program in rural senegal
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b4a163a034b94a1081653a44259127fc
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Transforming social norms to improve girl-child health and well-being: a realist evaluation of the Girls’ Holistic Development program in rural Senegal

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