Is chytridiomycosis an emerging infectious disease in Asia?
The disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused dramatic amphibian population declines and extinctions in Australia, Central and North America, and Europe. Bd is associated with >200 species extinctions of amphibians, but not all species that bec...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011
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oai:doaj.org-article:b4c6e7144eac4be1991d62fec9d6dd0c2021-11-18T06:47:51ZIs chytridiomycosis an emerging infectious disease in Asia?1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0023179https://doaj.org/article/b4c6e7144eac4be1991d62fec9d6dd0c2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21887238/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused dramatic amphibian population declines and extinctions in Australia, Central and North America, and Europe. Bd is associated with >200 species extinctions of amphibians, but not all species that become infected are susceptible to the disease. Specifically, Bd has rapidly emerged in some areas of the world, such as in Australia, USA, and throughout Central and South America, causing population and species collapse. The mechanism behind the rapid global emergence of the disease is poorly understood, in part due to an incomplete picture of the global distribution of Bd. At present, there is a considerable amount of geographic bias in survey effort for Bd, with Asia being the most neglected continent. To date, Bd surveys have been published for few Asian countries, and infected amphibians have been reported only from Indonesia, South Korea, China and Japan. Thus far, there have been no substantiated reports of enigmatic or suspected disease-caused population declines of the kind that has been attributed to Bd in other areas. In order to gain a more detailed picture of the distribution of Bd in Asia, we undertook a widespread, opportunistic survey of over 3,000 amphibians for Bd throughout Asia and adjoining Papua New Guinea. Survey sites spanned 15 countries, approximately 36° latitude, 111° longitude, and over 2000 m in elevation. Bd prevalence was very low throughout our survey area (2.35% overall) and infected animals were not clumped as would be expected in epizootic events. This suggests that Bd is either newly emerging in Asia, endemic at low prevalence, or that some other ecological factor is preventing Bd from fully invading Asian amphibians. The current observed pattern in Asia differs from that in many other parts of the world.Andrea SweiJodi J L RowleyDennis RödderMae L L DiesmosArvin C DiesmosCheryl J BriggsRafe BrownTrung Tien CaoTina L ChengRebecca A ChongBen HanJean-Marc HeroHuy Duc HoangMirza D KusriniDuong Thi Thuy LeJimmy A McGuireMadhava MeegaskumburaMi-Sook MinDaniel G MulcahyThy NeangSomphouthone PhimmachakDing-Qi RaoNatalie M ReederSean D SchovilleNiane SivongxayNarin SreiMatthias StöckBryan L StuartLilia S TorresDao Thi Anh TranTate S TunstallDavid VieitesVance T VredenburgPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 8, p e23179 (2011) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
| spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Andrea Swei Jodi J L Rowley Dennis Rödder Mae L L Diesmos Arvin C Diesmos Cheryl J Briggs Rafe Brown Trung Tien Cao Tina L Cheng Rebecca A Chong Ben Han Jean-Marc Hero Huy Duc Hoang Mirza D Kusrini Duong Thi Thuy Le Jimmy A McGuire Madhava Meegaskumbura Mi-Sook Min Daniel G Mulcahy Thy Neang Somphouthone Phimmachak Ding-Qi Rao Natalie M Reeder Sean D Schoville Niane Sivongxay Narin Srei Matthias Stöck Bryan L Stuart Lilia S Torres Dao Thi Anh Tran Tate S Tunstall David Vieites Vance T Vredenburg Is chytridiomycosis an emerging infectious disease in Asia? |
| description |
The disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused dramatic amphibian population declines and extinctions in Australia, Central and North America, and Europe. Bd is associated with >200 species extinctions of amphibians, but not all species that become infected are susceptible to the disease. Specifically, Bd has rapidly emerged in some areas of the world, such as in Australia, USA, and throughout Central and South America, causing population and species collapse. The mechanism behind the rapid global emergence of the disease is poorly understood, in part due to an incomplete picture of the global distribution of Bd. At present, there is a considerable amount of geographic bias in survey effort for Bd, with Asia being the most neglected continent. To date, Bd surveys have been published for few Asian countries, and infected amphibians have been reported only from Indonesia, South Korea, China and Japan. Thus far, there have been no substantiated reports of enigmatic or suspected disease-caused population declines of the kind that has been attributed to Bd in other areas. In order to gain a more detailed picture of the distribution of Bd in Asia, we undertook a widespread, opportunistic survey of over 3,000 amphibians for Bd throughout Asia and adjoining Papua New Guinea. Survey sites spanned 15 countries, approximately 36° latitude, 111° longitude, and over 2000 m in elevation. Bd prevalence was very low throughout our survey area (2.35% overall) and infected animals were not clumped as would be expected in epizootic events. This suggests that Bd is either newly emerging in Asia, endemic at low prevalence, or that some other ecological factor is preventing Bd from fully invading Asian amphibians. The current observed pattern in Asia differs from that in many other parts of the world. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Andrea Swei Jodi J L Rowley Dennis Rödder Mae L L Diesmos Arvin C Diesmos Cheryl J Briggs Rafe Brown Trung Tien Cao Tina L Cheng Rebecca A Chong Ben Han Jean-Marc Hero Huy Duc Hoang Mirza D Kusrini Duong Thi Thuy Le Jimmy A McGuire Madhava Meegaskumbura Mi-Sook Min Daniel G Mulcahy Thy Neang Somphouthone Phimmachak Ding-Qi Rao Natalie M Reeder Sean D Schoville Niane Sivongxay Narin Srei Matthias Stöck Bryan L Stuart Lilia S Torres Dao Thi Anh Tran Tate S Tunstall David Vieites Vance T Vredenburg |
| author_facet |
Andrea Swei Jodi J L Rowley Dennis Rödder Mae L L Diesmos Arvin C Diesmos Cheryl J Briggs Rafe Brown Trung Tien Cao Tina L Cheng Rebecca A Chong Ben Han Jean-Marc Hero Huy Duc Hoang Mirza D Kusrini Duong Thi Thuy Le Jimmy A McGuire Madhava Meegaskumbura Mi-Sook Min Daniel G Mulcahy Thy Neang Somphouthone Phimmachak Ding-Qi Rao Natalie M Reeder Sean D Schoville Niane Sivongxay Narin Srei Matthias Stöck Bryan L Stuart Lilia S Torres Dao Thi Anh Tran Tate S Tunstall David Vieites Vance T Vredenburg |
| author_sort |
Andrea Swei |
| title |
Is chytridiomycosis an emerging infectious disease in Asia? |
| title_short |
Is chytridiomycosis an emerging infectious disease in Asia? |
| title_full |
Is chytridiomycosis an emerging infectious disease in Asia? |
| title_fullStr |
Is chytridiomycosis an emerging infectious disease in Asia? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Is chytridiomycosis an emerging infectious disease in Asia? |
| title_sort |
is chytridiomycosis an emerging infectious disease in asia? |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/b4c6e7144eac4be1991d62fec9d6dd0c |
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