Strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition

Abstract A growing body of evidence indicates that information can be stored even in the absence of conscious awareness. Despite these findings, unconscious memory is still poorly understood with limited evidence for unconscious iconic memory storage. Here we show that strongly masked visual data ca...

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Autores principales:	Damian K. F. Pang, Stamatis Elntib
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b4eea24489f046888fec94d764c41c93
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:b4eea24489f046888fec94d764c41c93
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b4eea24489f046888fec94d764c41c932021-12-02T16:50:17ZStrongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition10.1038/s41598-021-89512-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b4eea24489f046888fec94d764c41c932021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89512-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract A growing body of evidence indicates that information can be stored even in the absence of conscious awareness. Despite these findings, unconscious memory is still poorly understood with limited evidence for unconscious iconic memory storage. Here we show that strongly masked visual data can be stored and accumulate to elicit clear perception. We used a repetition method across a wide range of conditions (Experiment 1) and a more focused follow-up experiment with enhanced masking conditions (Experiment 2). Information was stored despite being masked, demonstrating that masking did not erase or overwrite memory traces but limited perception. We examined the temporal properties and found that stored information followed a gradual but rapid decay. Extraction of meaningful information was severely impaired after 300 ms, and most data was lost after 700 ms. Our findings are congruent with theories of consciousness that are based on an integration of subliminal information and support theoretical predictions based on the global workspace theory of consciousness, especially the existence of an implicit iconic memory buffer store.Damian K. F. PangStamatis ElntibNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Damian K. F. Pang Stamatis Elntib Strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition
description	Abstract A growing body of evidence indicates that information can be stored even in the absence of conscious awareness. Despite these findings, unconscious memory is still poorly understood with limited evidence for unconscious iconic memory storage. Here we show that strongly masked visual data can be stored and accumulate to elicit clear perception. We used a repetition method across a wide range of conditions (Experiment 1) and a more focused follow-up experiment with enhanced masking conditions (Experiment 2). Information was stored despite being masked, demonstrating that masking did not erase or overwrite memory traces but limited perception. We examined the temporal properties and found that stored information followed a gradual but rapid decay. Extraction of meaningful information was severely impaired after 300 ms, and most data was lost after 700 ms. Our findings are congruent with theories of consciousness that are based on an integration of subliminal information and support theoretical predictions based on the global workspace theory of consciousness, especially the existence of an implicit iconic memory buffer store.
format	article
author	Damian K. F. Pang Stamatis Elntib
author_facet	Damian K. F. Pang Stamatis Elntib
author_sort	Damian K. F. Pang
title	Strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition
title_short	Strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition
title_full	Strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition
title_fullStr	Strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition
title_full_unstemmed	Strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition
title_sort	strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b4eea24489f046888fec94d764c41c93
work_keys_str_mv	AT damiankfpang stronglymaskedcontentretainedinmemorymadeaccessiblethroughrepetition AT stamatiselntib stronglymaskedcontentretainedinmemorymadeaccessiblethroughrepetition
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Strongly masked content retained in memory made accessible through repetition

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