High-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues

Populations of insects can differ in how sensitive their development, growth, and performance are to environmental conditions such as temperature and daylength. The environmental sensitivity of development can alter phenology (seasonal timing) and ecology. Warming accelerates development of most pop...

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Autores principales:	Julia M. Smith, Rory S. Telemeco, Bryan A. Briones Ortiz, César R. Nufio, Lauren B. Buckley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	climate change development physiology temperature-size rule thermal sensitivity Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b4ffe6d012ac4107a1e568316601e0f7
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:b4ffe6d012ac4107a1e568316601e0f7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b4ffe6d012ac4107a1e568316601e0f72021-11-04T09:09:28ZHigh-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues1664-042X10.3389/fphys.2021.738992https://doaj.org/article/b4ffe6d012ac4107a1e568316601e0f72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.738992/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XPopulations of insects can differ in how sensitive their development, growth, and performance are to environmental conditions such as temperature and daylength. The environmental sensitivity of development can alter phenology (seasonal timing) and ecology. Warming accelerates development of most populations. However, high-elevation and season-limited populations can exhibit developmental plasticity to either advance or prolong development depending on conditions. We examine how diurnal temperature variation and daylength interact to shape growth, development, and performance of several populations of the montane grasshopper, Melanoplus boulderensis, along an elevation gradient. We then compare these experimental results to observed patterns of development in the field. Although populations exhibited similar thermal sensitivities of development under long-day conditions, development of high-elevation populations was more sensitive to temperature under short-day conditions. This developmental plasticity resulted in rapid development of high elevation populations in short-day conditions with high temperature variability, consistent with their observed capacity for rapid development in the field when conditions are permissive early in the season. Notably, accelerated development generally did not decrease body size or alter body shape. Developmental conditions did not strongly influence thermal tolerance but altered the temperature dependence of performance in difficult-to-predict ways. In sum, the high-elevation and season-limited populations exhibited developmental plasticity that enables advancing or prolonging development consistent with field phenology. Our results suggest these patterns are driven by the thermal sensitivity of development increasing when days are short early in the season compared to when days are long later in the season. Developmental plasticity will shape phenological responses to climate change with potential implications for community and ecosystem structure.Julia M. SmithRory S. TelemecoRory S. TelemecoBryan A. Briones OrtizBryan A. Briones OrtizCésar R. NufioCésar R. NufioLauren B. BuckleyFrontiers Media S.A.articleclimate changedevelopmentphysiologytemperature-size rulethermal sensitivityPhysiologyQP1-981ENFrontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate change development physiology temperature-size rule thermal sensitivity Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	climate change development physiology temperature-size rule thermal sensitivity Physiology QP1-981 Julia M. Smith Rory S. Telemeco Rory S. Telemeco Bryan A. Briones Ortiz Bryan A. Briones Ortiz César R. Nufio César R. Nufio Lauren B. Buckley High-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues
description	Populations of insects can differ in how sensitive their development, growth, and performance are to environmental conditions such as temperature and daylength. The environmental sensitivity of development can alter phenology (seasonal timing) and ecology. Warming accelerates development of most populations. However, high-elevation and season-limited populations can exhibit developmental plasticity to either advance or prolong development depending on conditions. We examine how diurnal temperature variation and daylength interact to shape growth, development, and performance of several populations of the montane grasshopper, Melanoplus boulderensis, along an elevation gradient. We then compare these experimental results to observed patterns of development in the field. Although populations exhibited similar thermal sensitivities of development under long-day conditions, development of high-elevation populations was more sensitive to temperature under short-day conditions. This developmental plasticity resulted in rapid development of high elevation populations in short-day conditions with high temperature variability, consistent with their observed capacity for rapid development in the field when conditions are permissive early in the season. Notably, accelerated development generally did not decrease body size or alter body shape. Developmental conditions did not strongly influence thermal tolerance but altered the temperature dependence of performance in difficult-to-predict ways. In sum, the high-elevation and season-limited populations exhibited developmental plasticity that enables advancing or prolonging development consistent with field phenology. Our results suggest these patterns are driven by the thermal sensitivity of development increasing when days are short early in the season compared to when days are long later in the season. Developmental plasticity will shape phenological responses to climate change with potential implications for community and ecosystem structure.
format	article
author	Julia M. Smith Rory S. Telemeco Rory S. Telemeco Bryan A. Briones Ortiz Bryan A. Briones Ortiz César R. Nufio César R. Nufio Lauren B. Buckley
author_facet	Julia M. Smith Rory S. Telemeco Rory S. Telemeco Bryan A. Briones Ortiz Bryan A. Briones Ortiz César R. Nufio César R. Nufio Lauren B. Buckley
author_sort	Julia M. Smith
title	High-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues
title_short	High-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues
title_full	High-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues
title_fullStr	High-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues
title_full_unstemmed	High-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues
title_sort	high-elevation populations of montane grasshoppers exhibit greater developmental plasticity in response to seasonal cues
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b4ffe6d012ac4107a1e568316601e0f7
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High-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues

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