On the morphological relations of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study

Abstract Current treatments of plantar fasciitis are based on the premise that the Achilles tendon (AT) and plantar fascia (PF) are mechanically directly linked, which is an area of debate. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological relationship between the AT and PF. Nineteen cadaveric f...

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Autores principales:	A. Singh, J. Zwirner, F. Templer, D. Kieser, S. Klima, N. Hammer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b5110bb800a14df3a5e37008fd661e08
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b5110bb800a14df3a5e37008fd661e082021-12-02T13:17:42ZOn the morphological relations of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study10.1038/s41598-021-85251-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b5110bb800a14df3a5e37008fd661e082021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85251-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Current treatments of plantar fasciitis are based on the premise that the Achilles tendon (AT) and plantar fascia (PF) are mechanically directly linked, which is an area of debate. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological relationship between the AT and PF. Nineteen cadaveric feet were x-ray imaged, serially sectioned and plastinated for digital image analyses. Measurements of the AT and PF thicknesses and cross-sectional areas (CSA) were performed at their calcaneal insertion. The fiber continuity was histologically assessed in representative subsamples. Strong correlations exist between the CSA of the AT and PF at calcaneal insertion and the CSA of PF’s insertional length (r = 0.80), and between the CSAs of AT’s and PF’s insertional lengths. Further correlations were observed between AT and PF thicknesses (r = 0.62). This close morphological relationship could, however, not be confirmed through x-ray nor complete fiber continuity in histology. This study provides evidence for a morphometric relationship between the AT and PF, which suggests the presence of a functional relationship between these two structures following the biological key idea that the structure determines the function. The observed morphological correlations substantiate the existing mechanical link between the AT and PF via the posterior calcaneus and might explain why calf stretches are a successful treatment option for plantar heel pain.A. SinghJ. ZwirnerF. TemplerD. KieserS. KlimaN. HammerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q A. Singh J. Zwirner F. Templer D. Kieser S. Klima N. Hammer On the morphological relations of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study
description	Abstract Current treatments of plantar fasciitis are based on the premise that the Achilles tendon (AT) and plantar fascia (PF) are mechanically directly linked, which is an area of debate. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological relationship between the AT and PF. Nineteen cadaveric feet were x-ray imaged, serially sectioned and plastinated for digital image analyses. Measurements of the AT and PF thicknesses and cross-sectional areas (CSA) were performed at their calcaneal insertion. The fiber continuity was histologically assessed in representative subsamples. Strong correlations exist between the CSA of the AT and PF at calcaneal insertion and the CSA of PF’s insertional length (r = 0.80), and between the CSAs of AT’s and PF’s insertional lengths. Further correlations were observed between AT and PF thicknesses (r = 0.62). This close morphological relationship could, however, not be confirmed through x-ray nor complete fiber continuity in histology. This study provides evidence for a morphometric relationship between the AT and PF, which suggests the presence of a functional relationship between these two structures following the biological key idea that the structure determines the function. The observed morphological correlations substantiate the existing mechanical link between the AT and PF via the posterior calcaneus and might explain why calf stretches are a successful treatment option for plantar heel pain.
format	article
author	A. Singh J. Zwirner F. Templer D. Kieser S. Klima N. Hammer
author_facet	A. Singh J. Zwirner F. Templer D. Kieser S. Klima N. Hammer
author_sort	A. Singh
title	On the morphological relations of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study
title_short	On the morphological relations of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study
title_full	On the morphological relations of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study
title_fullStr	On the morphological relations of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study
title_full_unstemmed	On the morphological relations of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study
title_sort	on the morphological relations of the achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b5110bb800a14df3a5e37008fd661e08
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On the morphological relations of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia via the calcaneus: a cadaveric study

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