The burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.

<h4>Background</h4>Onchocerciasis ("river blindness") can cause severe morbidity, including vision loss and various skin manifestations, and is targeted for elimination using ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA). We calculated the number of people with Onchocerca volvulus...

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Autores principales:	Natalie V S Vinkeles Melchers, Wilma A Stolk, Welmoed van Loon, Belén Pedrique, Roel Bakker, Michele E Murdoch, Sake J de Vlas, Luc E Coffeng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b513b8d560024ee0a8ebb56d338e43fc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b513b8d560024ee0a8ebb56d338e43fc2021-11-25T06:33:28ZThe burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009604https://doaj.org/article/b513b8d560024ee0a8ebb56d338e43fc2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009604https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Onchocerciasis ("river blindness") can cause severe morbidity, including vision loss and various skin manifestations, and is targeted for elimination using ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA). We calculated the number of people with Onchocerca volvulus infection and onchocercal skin and eye disease as well as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost from 1990 through to 2030 in areas formerly covered by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control.<h4>Methods</h4>Per MDA implementation unit, we collated data on the pre-control distribution of microfilariae (mf) prevalence and the history of control. Next, we predicted trends in infection and morbidity over time using the ONCHOSIM simulation model. DALY estimates were calculated using disability weights from the Global Burden of Disease Study.<h4>Results</h4>In 1990, prior to MDA implementation, the total population at risk was 79.8 million with 26.0 million (32.5%) mf-positive individuals, of whom 17.5 million (21.9%) had some form of onchocercal skin or eye disease (2.5 million DALYs lost). By 2030, the total population was predicted to increase to 236.1 million, while the number of mf-positive cases (about 6.8 million, 2.9%), people with skin or eye morbidity (4.2 million, 1.8%), and DALYs lost (0.7 million) were predicted to decline.<h4>Conclusions</h4>MDA has had a remarkable impact on the onchocerciasis burden in countries previously under the APOC mandate. In the few countries where we predict continued transmission between now and 2030, intensified MDA could be combined with local vector control efforts, or the introduction of new drugs for mopping up residual cases of infection and morbidity.Natalie V S Vinkeles MelchersWilma A StolkWelmoed van LoonBelén PedriqueRoel BakkerMichele E MurdochSake J de VlasLuc E CoffengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e0009604 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Natalie V S Vinkeles Melchers Wilma A Stolk Welmoed van Loon Belén Pedrique Roel Bakker Michele E Murdoch Sake J de Vlas Luc E Coffeng The burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Onchocerciasis ("river blindness") can cause severe morbidity, including vision loss and various skin manifestations, and is targeted for elimination using ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA). We calculated the number of people with Onchocerca volvulus infection and onchocercal skin and eye disease as well as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost from 1990 through to 2030 in areas formerly covered by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control.<h4>Methods</h4>Per MDA implementation unit, we collated data on the pre-control distribution of microfilariae (mf) prevalence and the history of control. Next, we predicted trends in infection and morbidity over time using the ONCHOSIM simulation model. DALY estimates were calculated using disability weights from the Global Burden of Disease Study.<h4>Results</h4>In 1990, prior to MDA implementation, the total population at risk was 79.8 million with 26.0 million (32.5%) mf-positive individuals, of whom 17.5 million (21.9%) had some form of onchocercal skin or eye disease (2.5 million DALYs lost). By 2030, the total population was predicted to increase to 236.1 million, while the number of mf-positive cases (about 6.8 million, 2.9%), people with skin or eye morbidity (4.2 million, 1.8%), and DALYs lost (0.7 million) were predicted to decline.<h4>Conclusions</h4>MDA has had a remarkable impact on the onchocerciasis burden in countries previously under the APOC mandate. In the few countries where we predict continued transmission between now and 2030, intensified MDA could be combined with local vector control efforts, or the introduction of new drugs for mopping up residual cases of infection and morbidity.
format	article
author	Natalie V S Vinkeles Melchers Wilma A Stolk Welmoed van Loon Belén Pedrique Roel Bakker Michele E Murdoch Sake J de Vlas Luc E Coffeng
author_facet	Natalie V S Vinkeles Melchers Wilma A Stolk Welmoed van Loon Belén Pedrique Roel Bakker Michele E Murdoch Sake J de Vlas Luc E Coffeng
author_sort	Natalie V S Vinkeles Melchers
title	The burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.
title_short	The burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.
title_full	The burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.
title_fullStr	The burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.
title_full_unstemmed	The burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.
title_sort	burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the african programme for onchocerciasis control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b513b8d560024ee0a8ebb56d338e43fc
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The burden of skin disease and eye disease due to onchocerciasis in countries formerly under the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control mandate for 1990, 2020, and 2030.

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