Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate

Abstract Understanding the Earth’s climate system during past periods of high atmospheric CO2 is crucial for forecasting climate change under anthropogenically-elevated CO2. The Mesozoic Era is believed to have coincided with a long-term Greenhouse climate, and many of our temperature reconstruction...

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Autores principales:	Madeleine L. Vickers, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Clemens V. Ullmann, Stefanie Lode, Nathan Looser, Luiz Grafulha Morales, Gregory D. Price, Philip R. Wilby, Iben Winther Hougård, Stephen P. Hesselbo, Christoph Korte
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b52f42b526de4e3aa13eae9447e66b18
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b52f42b526de4e3aa13eae9447e66b182021-12-02T19:16:47ZMarine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate10.1038/s41598-021-98528-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b52f42b526de4e3aa13eae9447e66b182021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98528-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Understanding the Earth’s climate system during past periods of high atmospheric CO2 is crucial for forecasting climate change under anthropogenically-elevated CO2. The Mesozoic Era is believed to have coincided with a long-term Greenhouse climate, and many of our temperature reconstructions come from stable isotopes of marine biotic calcite, in particular from belemnites, an extinct group of molluscs with carbonate hard-parts. Yet, temperatures reconstructed from the oxygen isotope composition of belemnites are consistently colder than those derived from other temperature proxies, leading to large uncertainties around Mesozoic sea temperatures. Here we apply clumped isotope palaeothermometry to two distinct carbonate phases from exceptionally well-preserved belemnites in order to constrain their living habitat, and improve temperature reconstructions based on stable oxygen isotopes. We show that belemnites precipitated both aragonite and calcite in warm, open ocean surface waters, and demonstrate how previous low estimates of belemnite calcification temperatures has led to widespread underestimation of Mesozoic sea temperatures by ca. 12 °C, raising estimates of some of the lowest temperature estimates for the Jurassic period to values which approach modern mid-latitude sea surface temperatures. Our findings enable accurate recalculation of global Mesozoic belemnite temperatures, and will thus improve our understanding of Greenhouse climate dynamics.Madeleine L. VickersStefano M. BernasconiClemens V. UllmannStefanie LodeNathan LooserLuiz Grafulha MoralesGregory D. PricePhilip R. WilbyIben Winther HougårdStephen P. HesselboChristoph KorteNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Madeleine L. Vickers Stefano M. Bernasconi Clemens V. Ullmann Stefanie Lode Nathan Looser Luiz Grafulha Morales Gregory D. Price Philip R. Wilby Iben Winther Hougård Stephen P. Hesselbo Christoph Korte Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate
description	Abstract Understanding the Earth’s climate system during past periods of high atmospheric CO2 is crucial for forecasting climate change under anthropogenically-elevated CO2. The Mesozoic Era is believed to have coincided with a long-term Greenhouse climate, and many of our temperature reconstructions come from stable isotopes of marine biotic calcite, in particular from belemnites, an extinct group of molluscs with carbonate hard-parts. Yet, temperatures reconstructed from the oxygen isotope composition of belemnites are consistently colder than those derived from other temperature proxies, leading to large uncertainties around Mesozoic sea temperatures. Here we apply clumped isotope palaeothermometry to two distinct carbonate phases from exceptionally well-preserved belemnites in order to constrain their living habitat, and improve temperature reconstructions based on stable oxygen isotopes. We show that belemnites precipitated both aragonite and calcite in warm, open ocean surface waters, and demonstrate how previous low estimates of belemnite calcification temperatures has led to widespread underestimation of Mesozoic sea temperatures by ca. 12 °C, raising estimates of some of the lowest temperature estimates for the Jurassic period to values which approach modern mid-latitude sea surface temperatures. Our findings enable accurate recalculation of global Mesozoic belemnite temperatures, and will thus improve our understanding of Greenhouse climate dynamics.
format	article
author	Madeleine L. Vickers Stefano M. Bernasconi Clemens V. Ullmann Stefanie Lode Nathan Looser Luiz Grafulha Morales Gregory D. Price Philip R. Wilby Iben Winther Hougård Stephen P. Hesselbo Christoph Korte
author_facet	Madeleine L. Vickers Stefano M. Bernasconi Clemens V. Ullmann Stefanie Lode Nathan Looser Luiz Grafulha Morales Gregory D. Price Philip R. Wilby Iben Winther Hougård Stephen P. Hesselbo Christoph Korte
author_sort	Madeleine L. Vickers
title	Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate
title_short	Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate
title_full	Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate
title_fullStr	Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate
title_full_unstemmed	Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate
title_sort	marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b52f42b526de4e3aa13eae9447e66b18
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Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate

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