RABIES ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RABIES

Rabies is a highly fatal infection of the central nervous system which occur in all warm-blooded animals and transmitted by the bites of affected animals. The major manifestations of the disease include motor irritation and clinical signs of mania and an attack complex and ascending paralysis. Rabie...

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Autor principal:	Khalid A. Hussain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	University of Baghdad, College of Veterinary Medicine 1998
Materias:	RABIES IMMUNIZATION ORAL Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b532f65c76c149f88052160d458b125b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b532f65c76c149f88052160d458b125b2021-12-02T13:42:49ZRABIES ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RABIES1609-56932410-7409https://doaj.org/article/b532f65c76c149f88052160d458b125b1998-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://jcovm.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/Iraqijvm/article/view/1216https://doaj.org/toc/1609-5693https://doaj.org/toc/2410-7409Rabies is a highly fatal infection of the central nervous system which occur in all warm-blooded animals and transmitted by the bites of affected animals. The major manifestations of the disease include motor irritation and clinical signs of mania and an attack complex and ascending paralysis. Rabies and rabies related viruses belong to a group of more than 75 viruses called RHABDOVIRUSES (Rhabdo=rod) because of their bullet-shaped morphology. The virus is fragile, easily inactivated by disinfectants, and does not exist free in the environment. Instead, in the course of its infection in reservoir host species, it is shed into the saliva and is transmitted by bite. After entry into a new host in the bite site, rabies virus multiplies in muscle cells and aggregates around the proprio receptor nerve endings of their acetylcholine receptors and then spreads through neural pathways, all without stimulating an effective host immune response. Transmission depends on simultaneous delivery of virus to the salivary glands and the limbic system of the brain. Infection of the limbic system of the brain is the cause of the fury which drives the animal to bite. Infection of the salivary glands is the source of the large amounts of virus in saliva. This unique pathogenetic patterns leads to entrenchment of the virus in its reservoir host populations and to continuing risk of exposure of man. Dog rabies has been controlled globally by the use of potent vaccines and the application of effective urban control programs (poisoning trapping shooting). The problem that then remained has been wildlife rabies, primarily in wolves, foxes, skunks, raccoons as well as stray dogs. Therefore, a new approach to wildlife rabies control has been made which involves oral vaccination. Several successful trials were attempted in Switzerland, West Germany and the U.S.S.R. Rabies control efforts in the developing countries did little to really reduce the incidence of the disease. Therefore, mass vaccination of dogs and the elimination of strays coupled with the oral vaccination (recombinant vaccinia vaccine) of dogs so that the population of susceptible stray dogs can be immunized. Khalid A. HussainUniversity of Baghdad, College of Veterinary MedicinearticleRABIESIMMUNIZATIONORALVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENThe Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol 22, Iss 1 (1998)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	RABIES IMMUNIZATION ORAL Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	RABIES IMMUNIZATION ORAL Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Khalid A. Hussain RABIES ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RABIES
description	Rabies is a highly fatal infection of the central nervous system which occur in all warm-blooded animals and transmitted by the bites of affected animals. The major manifestations of the disease include motor irritation and clinical signs of mania and an attack complex and ascending paralysis. Rabies and rabies related viruses belong to a group of more than 75 viruses called RHABDOVIRUSES (Rhabdo=rod) because of their bullet-shaped morphology. The virus is fragile, easily inactivated by disinfectants, and does not exist free in the environment. Instead, in the course of its infection in reservoir host species, it is shed into the saliva and is transmitted by bite. After entry into a new host in the bite site, rabies virus multiplies in muscle cells and aggregates around the proprio receptor nerve endings of their acetylcholine receptors and then spreads through neural pathways, all without stimulating an effective host immune response. Transmission depends on simultaneous delivery of virus to the salivary glands and the limbic system of the brain. Infection of the limbic system of the brain is the cause of the fury which drives the animal to bite. Infection of the salivary glands is the source of the large amounts of virus in saliva. This unique pathogenetic patterns leads to entrenchment of the virus in its reservoir host populations and to continuing risk of exposure of man. Dog rabies has been controlled globally by the use of potent vaccines and the application of effective urban control programs (poisoning trapping shooting). The problem that then remained has been wildlife rabies, primarily in wolves, foxes, skunks, raccoons as well as stray dogs. Therefore, a new approach to wildlife rabies control has been made which involves oral vaccination. Several successful trials were attempted in Switzerland, West Germany and the U.S.S.R. Rabies control efforts in the developing countries did little to really reduce the incidence of the disease. Therefore, mass vaccination of dogs and the elimination of strays coupled with the oral vaccination (recombinant vaccinia vaccine) of dogs so that the population of susceptible stray dogs can be immunized.
format	article
author	Khalid A. Hussain
author_facet	Khalid A. Hussain
author_sort	Khalid A. Hussain
title	RABIES ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RABIES
title_short	RABIES ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RABIES
title_full	RABIES ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RABIES
title_fullStr	RABIES ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RABIES
title_full_unstemmed	RABIES ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RABIES
title_sort	rabies oral immunization against rabies
publisher	University of Baghdad, College of Veterinary Medicine
publishDate	1998
url	https://doaj.org/article/b532f65c76c149f88052160d458b125b
work_keys_str_mv	AT khalidahussain rabiesoralimmunizationagainstrabies
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RABIES ORAL IMMUNIZATION AGAINST RABIES

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