Mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures

Abstract The evolution of large vultures linked to mountainous habitats was accompanied by extreme physiological and behavioral specializations for energetically efficient flights. However, little is known on the genetic traits associated with the evolution of these obligate soaring scavengers. Mito...

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Autores principales:	D. De Panis, S. A. Lambertucci, G. Wiemeyer, H. Dopazo, F. C. Almeida, C. J. Mazzoni, M. Gut, I. Gut, J. Padró
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b565a7ffe9424491b54e236cf24686de
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b565a7ffe9424491b54e236cf24686de2021-12-02T19:02:35ZMitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures10.1038/s41598-021-96080-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b565a7ffe9424491b54e236cf24686de2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96080-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The evolution of large vultures linked to mountainous habitats was accompanied by extreme physiological and behavioral specializations for energetically efficient flights. However, little is known on the genetic traits associated with the evolution of these obligate soaring scavengers. Mitochondrial DNA plays a vital role in regulating oxidative stress and energy production, and hence may be an important target of selection for flight performance. Herein, we characterized the first mitogenomes of the Andean and California condors, the world’s heaviest flying birds and the only living representatives of the Vultur and Gymnogyps genus. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships and evaluated possible footprints of convergent evolution associated to the life-history traits and distributional range of vultures. Our phylogenomic analyses supported the independent evolution of vultures, with the origin of Cathartidae in the early Paleogene (~ 61 Mya), and estimated the radiation of extant condors during the late Miocene (~ 11 Mya). Selection analyses indicated that vultures exhibit signals of relaxation of purifying selection relative to other accipitrimorph raptors, possibly indicating the degeneration of flapping flight ability. Overall, our results suggest that the extreme specialization of vultures for efficient soaring flight has compensated the evolution of large body sizes mitigating the selection pressure on mtDNA.D. De PanisS. A. LambertucciG. WiemeyerH. DopazoF. C. AlmeidaC. J. MazzoniM. GutI. GutJ. PadróNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q D. De Panis S. A. Lambertucci G. Wiemeyer H. Dopazo F. C. Almeida C. J. Mazzoni M. Gut I. Gut J. Padró Mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures
description	Abstract The evolution of large vultures linked to mountainous habitats was accompanied by extreme physiological and behavioral specializations for energetically efficient flights. However, little is known on the genetic traits associated with the evolution of these obligate soaring scavengers. Mitochondrial DNA plays a vital role in regulating oxidative stress and energy production, and hence may be an important target of selection for flight performance. Herein, we characterized the first mitogenomes of the Andean and California condors, the world’s heaviest flying birds and the only living representatives of the Vultur and Gymnogyps genus. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships and evaluated possible footprints of convergent evolution associated to the life-history traits and distributional range of vultures. Our phylogenomic analyses supported the independent evolution of vultures, with the origin of Cathartidae in the early Paleogene (~ 61 Mya), and estimated the radiation of extant condors during the late Miocene (~ 11 Mya). Selection analyses indicated that vultures exhibit signals of relaxation of purifying selection relative to other accipitrimorph raptors, possibly indicating the degeneration of flapping flight ability. Overall, our results suggest that the extreme specialization of vultures for efficient soaring flight has compensated the evolution of large body sizes mitigating the selection pressure on mtDNA.
format	article
author	D. De Panis S. A. Lambertucci G. Wiemeyer H. Dopazo F. C. Almeida C. J. Mazzoni M. Gut I. Gut J. Padró
author_facet	D. De Panis S. A. Lambertucci G. Wiemeyer H. Dopazo F. C. Almeida C. J. Mazzoni M. Gut I. Gut J. Padró
author_sort	D. De Panis
title	Mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures
title_short	Mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures
title_full	Mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures
title_fullStr	Mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures
title_full_unstemmed	Mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures
title_sort	mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b565a7ffe9424491b54e236cf24686de
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Mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures

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