Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset

Primary psychosis, which includes schizophrenia and other psychoses not caused by other psychic or physical conditions, has a strong impact worldwide in terms of disability, suffering and costs. Consequently, improvement of strategies to reduce the incidence and to improve the prognosis of this diso...

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Autores principales:	Claudio Brasso, Benedetta Giordano, Cristina Badino, Silvio Bellino, Paola Bozzatello, Cristiana Montemagni, Paola Rocca
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	schizophrenia prodromal stage risk stratification onset early detection prevention Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b569bc5f2d454bd68938f35f7c4b0724
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b569bc5f2d454bd68938f35f7c4b07242021-11-25T17:22:01ZPrimary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset10.3390/diagnostics111121462075-4418https://doaj.org/article/b569bc5f2d454bd68938f35f7c4b07242021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/11/2146https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4418Primary psychosis, which includes schizophrenia and other psychoses not caused by other psychic or physical conditions, has a strong impact worldwide in terms of disability, suffering and costs. Consequently, improvement of strategies to reduce the incidence and to improve the prognosis of this disorder is a current need. The purpose of this work is to review the current scientific literature on the main risk and protective factors of primary psychosis and to examine the main models of prevention, especially those related to the early detection of the onset. The conditions more strongly associated with primary psychosis are socio-demographic and economic factors such as male gender, birth in winter, ethnic minority, immigrant status, and difficult socio-economic conditions while the best-established preventive factors are elevated socio-economic status and an economic well-being. Risk and protective factors may be the targets for primordial, primary, and secondary preventive strategies. Acting on modifiable factors may reduce the incidence of the disorder or postpone its onset, while an early detection of the new cases enables a prompt treatment and a consequential better prognosis. According to this evidence, the study of the determinants of primary psychosis has a pivotal role in designing and promoting preventive policies aimed at reducing the burden of disability and suffering of the disorder.Claudio BrassoBenedetta GiordanoCristina BadinoSilvio BellinoPaola BozzatelloCristiana MontemagniPaola RoccaMDPI AGarticleschizophreniaprodromal stagerisk stratificationonsetearly detectionpreventionMedicine (General)R5-920ENDiagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 2146, p 2146 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	schizophrenia prodromal stage risk stratification onset early detection prevention Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	schizophrenia prodromal stage risk stratification onset early detection prevention Medicine (General) R5-920 Claudio Brasso Benedetta Giordano Cristina Badino Silvio Bellino Paola Bozzatello Cristiana Montemagni Paola Rocca Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset
description	Primary psychosis, which includes schizophrenia and other psychoses not caused by other psychic or physical conditions, has a strong impact worldwide in terms of disability, suffering and costs. Consequently, improvement of strategies to reduce the incidence and to improve the prognosis of this disorder is a current need. The purpose of this work is to review the current scientific literature on the main risk and protective factors of primary psychosis and to examine the main models of prevention, especially those related to the early detection of the onset. The conditions more strongly associated with primary psychosis are socio-demographic and economic factors such as male gender, birth in winter, ethnic minority, immigrant status, and difficult socio-economic conditions while the best-established preventive factors are elevated socio-economic status and an economic well-being. Risk and protective factors may be the targets for primordial, primary, and secondary preventive strategies. Acting on modifiable factors may reduce the incidence of the disorder or postpone its onset, while an early detection of the new cases enables a prompt treatment and a consequential better prognosis. According to this evidence, the study of the determinants of primary psychosis has a pivotal role in designing and promoting preventive policies aimed at reducing the burden of disability and suffering of the disorder.
format	article
author	Claudio Brasso Benedetta Giordano Cristina Badino Silvio Bellino Paola Bozzatello Cristiana Montemagni Paola Rocca
author_facet	Claudio Brasso Benedetta Giordano Cristina Badino Silvio Bellino Paola Bozzatello Cristiana Montemagni Paola Rocca
author_sort	Claudio Brasso
title	Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset
title_short	Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset
title_full	Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset
title_fullStr	Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset
title_full_unstemmed	Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset
title_sort	primary psychosis: risk and protective factors and early detection of the onset
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b569bc5f2d454bd68938f35f7c4b0724
work_keys_str_mv	AT claudiobrasso primarypsychosisriskandprotectivefactorsandearlydetectionoftheonset AT benedettagiordano primarypsychosisriskandprotectivefactorsandearlydetectionoftheonset AT cristinabadino primarypsychosisriskandprotectivefactorsandearlydetectionoftheonset AT silviobellino primarypsychosisriskandprotectivefactorsandearlydetectionoftheonset AT paolabozzatello primarypsychosisriskandprotectivefactorsandearlydetectionoftheonset AT cristianamontemagni primarypsychosisriskandprotectivefactorsandearlydetectionoftheonset AT paolarocca primarypsychosisriskandprotectivefactorsandearlydetectionoftheonset
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Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset

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