Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation

Abstract The phellogen or cork cambium stem cells that divide periclinally and outwardly specify phellem or cork. Despite the vital importance of phellem in protecting the radially-growing plant organs and wounded tissues, practically only the suberin biosynthetic process has been studied molecularl...

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Autores principales:	Sandra Fernández-Piñán, Pau Boher, Marçal Soler, Mercè Figueras, Olga Serra
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b56ed83e72454fdb816a814bd5bee762
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b56ed83e72454fdb816a814bd5bee7622021-12-02T17:52:32ZTranscriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation10.1038/s41598-021-90938-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b56ed83e72454fdb816a814bd5bee7622021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90938-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The phellogen or cork cambium stem cells that divide periclinally and outwardly specify phellem or cork. Despite the vital importance of phellem in protecting the radially-growing plant organs and wounded tissues, practically only the suberin biosynthetic process has been studied molecularly so far. Since cork oak (Quercus suber) phellogen is seasonally activated and its proliferation and specification to phellem cells is a continuous developmental process, the differentially expressed genes during the cork seasonal growth served us to identify molecular processes embracing from phellogen to mature differentiated phellem cell. At the beginning of cork growth (April), cell cycle regulation, meristem proliferation and maintenance and processes triggering cell differentiation were upregulated, showing an enrichment of phellogenic cells from which phellem cells are specified. Instead, at maximum (June) and advanced (July) cork growth, metabolic processes paralleling the phellem cell chemical composition, such as the biosynthesis of suberin, lignin, triterpenes and soluble aromatic compounds, were upregulated. Particularly in July, polysaccharides- and lignin-related secondary cell wall processes presented a maximal expression, indicating a cell wall reinforcement in the later stages of cork formation, presumably related with the initiation of latecork development. The putative function of relevant genes identified are discussed in the context of phellem ontogeny.Sandra Fernández-PiñánPau BoherMarçal SolerMercè FiguerasOlga SerraNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sandra Fernández-Piñán Pau Boher Marçal Soler Mercè Figueras Olga Serra Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation
description	Abstract The phellogen or cork cambium stem cells that divide periclinally and outwardly specify phellem or cork. Despite the vital importance of phellem in protecting the radially-growing plant organs and wounded tissues, practically only the suberin biosynthetic process has been studied molecularly so far. Since cork oak (Quercus suber) phellogen is seasonally activated and its proliferation and specification to phellem cells is a continuous developmental process, the differentially expressed genes during the cork seasonal growth served us to identify molecular processes embracing from phellogen to mature differentiated phellem cell. At the beginning of cork growth (April), cell cycle regulation, meristem proliferation and maintenance and processes triggering cell differentiation were upregulated, showing an enrichment of phellogenic cells from which phellem cells are specified. Instead, at maximum (June) and advanced (July) cork growth, metabolic processes paralleling the phellem cell chemical composition, such as the biosynthesis of suberin, lignin, triterpenes and soluble aromatic compounds, were upregulated. Particularly in July, polysaccharides- and lignin-related secondary cell wall processes presented a maximal expression, indicating a cell wall reinforcement in the later stages of cork formation, presumably related with the initiation of latecork development. The putative function of relevant genes identified are discussed in the context of phellem ontogeny.
format	article
author	Sandra Fernández-Piñán Pau Boher Marçal Soler Mercè Figueras Olga Serra
author_facet	Sandra Fernández-Piñán Pau Boher Marçal Soler Mercè Figueras Olga Serra
author_sort	Sandra Fernández-Piñán
title	Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation
title_short	Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation
title_full	Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation
title_fullStr	Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation
title_sort	transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b56ed83e72454fdb816a814bd5bee762
work_keys_str_mv	AT sandrafernandezpinan transcriptomicanalysisofcorkduringseasonalgrowthhighlightsregulatoryanddevelopmentalprocessesfromphellogentophellemformation AT pauboher transcriptomicanalysisofcorkduringseasonalgrowthhighlightsregulatoryanddevelopmentalprocessesfromphellogentophellemformation AT marcalsoler transcriptomicanalysisofcorkduringseasonalgrowthhighlightsregulatoryanddevelopmentalprocessesfromphellogentophellemformation AT mercefigueras transcriptomicanalysisofcorkduringseasonalgrowthhighlightsregulatoryanddevelopmentalprocessesfromphellogentophellemformation AT olgaserra transcriptomicanalysisofcorkduringseasonalgrowthhighlightsregulatoryanddevelopmentalprocessesfromphellogentophellemformation
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Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation

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