Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape

This paper concerns 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of mRNAs, which are non-coding regulatory platforms that control stability, fate and the correct spatiotemporal translation of mRNAs. Many mRNAs have polymorphic 3′UTR regions. Controlling 3′UTR length and sequence facilitates the regulation of th...

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Autores principales:	Estanislao Navarro, Adrián Mallén, Miguel Hueso
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	alternative 3′UTRs 3′UTR shortening alternative splicing alternative polyadenylation and cleavage Alu exonization Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b5968e3f5f3844f29f2314473f5d8c34
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b5968e3f5f3844f29f2314473f5d8c342021-11-25T16:49:01ZDynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape10.3390/biomedicines91115602227-9059https://doaj.org/article/b5968e3f5f3844f29f2314473f5d8c342021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/11/1560https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9059This paper concerns 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of mRNAs, which are non-coding regulatory platforms that control stability, fate and the correct spatiotemporal translation of mRNAs. Many mRNAs have polymorphic 3′UTR regions. Controlling 3′UTR length and sequence facilitates the regulation of the accessibility of functional effectors (RNA binding proteins, miRNAs or other ncRNAs) to 3′UTR functional boxes and motifs and the establishment of different regulatory landscapes for mRNA function. In this context, shortening of 3′UTRs would loosen miRNA or protein-based mechanisms of mRNA degradation, while 3′UTR lengthening would strengthen accessibility to these effectors. Alterations in the mechanisms regulating 3′UTR length would result in widespread deregulation of gene expression that could eventually lead to diseases likely linked to the loss (or acquisition) of specific miRNA binding sites. Here, we will review the mechanisms that control 3′UTR length dynamics and their alterations in human disorders. We will discuss, from a mechanistic point of view centered on the molecular machineries involved, the generation of 3′UTR variability by the use of alternative polyadenylation and cleavage sites, of mutually exclusive terminal alternative exons (exon skipping) as well as by the process of exonization of Alu cassettes to generate new 3′UTRs with differential functional features.Estanislao NavarroAdrián MallénMiguel HuesoMDPI AGarticlealternative 3′UTRs3′UTR shorteningalternative splicingalternative polyadenylation and cleavageAlu exonizationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiomedicines, Vol 9, Iss 1560, p 1560 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alternative 3′UTRs 3′UTR shortening alternative splicing alternative polyadenylation and cleavage Alu exonization Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	alternative 3′UTRs 3′UTR shortening alternative splicing alternative polyadenylation and cleavage Alu exonization Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Estanislao Navarro Adrián Mallén Miguel Hueso Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape
description	This paper concerns 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of mRNAs, which are non-coding regulatory platforms that control stability, fate and the correct spatiotemporal translation of mRNAs. Many mRNAs have polymorphic 3′UTR regions. Controlling 3′UTR length and sequence facilitates the regulation of the accessibility of functional effectors (RNA binding proteins, miRNAs or other ncRNAs) to 3′UTR functional boxes and motifs and the establishment of different regulatory landscapes for mRNA function. In this context, shortening of 3′UTRs would loosen miRNA or protein-based mechanisms of mRNA degradation, while 3′UTR lengthening would strengthen accessibility to these effectors. Alterations in the mechanisms regulating 3′UTR length would result in widespread deregulation of gene expression that could eventually lead to diseases likely linked to the loss (or acquisition) of specific miRNA binding sites. Here, we will review the mechanisms that control 3′UTR length dynamics and their alterations in human disorders. We will discuss, from a mechanistic point of view centered on the molecular machineries involved, the generation of 3′UTR variability by the use of alternative polyadenylation and cleavage sites, of mutually exclusive terminal alternative exons (exon skipping) as well as by the process of exonization of Alu cassettes to generate new 3′UTRs with differential functional features.
format	article
author	Estanislao Navarro Adrián Mallén Miguel Hueso
author_facet	Estanislao Navarro Adrián Mallén Miguel Hueso
author_sort	Estanislao Navarro
title	Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape
title_short	Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape
title_full	Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape
title_fullStr	Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape
title_sort	dynamic variations of 3′utr length reprogram the mrna regulatory landscape
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b5968e3f5f3844f29f2314473f5d8c34
work_keys_str_mv	AT estanislaonavarro dynamicvariationsof3utrlengthreprogramthemrnaregulatorylandscape AT adrianmallen dynamicvariationsof3utrlengthreprogramthemrnaregulatorylandscape AT miguelhueso dynamicvariationsof3utrlengthreprogramthemrnaregulatorylandscape
_version_	1718412977737039872

Dynamic Variations of 3′UTR Length Reprogram the mRNA Regulatory Landscape

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