The Blood Lead Levels of Children and the Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from Neurons Owing to Lead

In order to understand current blood lead levels (BLLs), we investigated the BLLs of children in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2020. We then monitored the treatment effects of calcium in children with high BLLs to assess their treatment status. Finally, we explored the effects of lead on Ca<sup&g...

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Autores principales:	Yifei Duan, Hua Shi, Yongmei Jiang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	blood lead levels treatment status calcium supplement Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b59fef034de44057bef73a913361d131
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b59fef034de44057bef73a913361d1312021-11-25T17:50:40ZThe Blood Lead Levels of Children and the Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from Neurons Owing to Lead10.3390/ijerph1822120511660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/b59fef034de44057bef73a913361d1312021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12051https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601In order to understand current blood lead levels (BLLs), we investigated the BLLs of children in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2020. We then monitored the treatment effects of calcium in children with high BLLs to assess their treatment status. Finally, we explored the effects of lead on Ca<sup>2+</sup> through in-situ experiments. Whole blood samples were used for BLL tests. The BLLs of 76,362 children aged 0–7 years were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The median BLL was 35 μg/L (interquartile range: 28–47). The BLLs were significantly higher in boys than in girls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The BLLs generally decreased annually and increased with age. The overall prevalence of BLLs ≥ 100 μg/L was 1.20%. The children with high BLLs received subsequent check-ups, and the median time required for effective treatment was 18 months. We observed that lead exposure led to a gradual and persistent loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels in neurons of mice brain slices, and the effect did not subside immediately even after the lead was removed. China has made rapid progress in pediatric healthcare, but the treatment status remains unsatisfactory. Because lead causes an irreversible loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, there is an urgent need to develop new standardized treatments to reduce the treatment duration.Yifei DuanHua ShiYongmei JiangMDPI AGarticleblood lead levelstreatment statuscalcium supplementCa<sup>2+</sup> imagingMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12051, p 12051 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	blood lead levels treatment status calcium supplement Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging Medicine R
spellingShingle	blood lead levels treatment status calcium supplement Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging Medicine R Yifei Duan Hua Shi Yongmei Jiang The Blood Lead Levels of Children and the Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from Neurons Owing to Lead
description	In order to understand current blood lead levels (BLLs), we investigated the BLLs of children in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2020. We then monitored the treatment effects of calcium in children with high BLLs to assess their treatment status. Finally, we explored the effects of lead on Ca<sup>2+</sup> through in-situ experiments. Whole blood samples were used for BLL tests. The BLLs of 76,362 children aged 0–7 years were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The median BLL was 35 μg/L (interquartile range: 28–47). The BLLs were significantly higher in boys than in girls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The BLLs generally decreased annually and increased with age. The overall prevalence of BLLs ≥ 100 μg/L was 1.20%. The children with high BLLs received subsequent check-ups, and the median time required for effective treatment was 18 months. We observed that lead exposure led to a gradual and persistent loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels in neurons of mice brain slices, and the effect did not subside immediately even after the lead was removed. China has made rapid progress in pediatric healthcare, but the treatment status remains unsatisfactory. Because lead causes an irreversible loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, there is an urgent need to develop new standardized treatments to reduce the treatment duration.
format	article
author	Yifei Duan Hua Shi Yongmei Jiang
author_facet	Yifei Duan Hua Shi Yongmei Jiang
author_sort	Yifei Duan
title	The Blood Lead Levels of Children and the Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from Neurons Owing to Lead
title_short	The Blood Lead Levels of Children and the Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from Neurons Owing to Lead
title_full	The Blood Lead Levels of Children and the Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from Neurons Owing to Lead
title_fullStr	The Blood Lead Levels of Children and the Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from Neurons Owing to Lead
title_full_unstemmed	The Blood Lead Levels of Children and the Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from Neurons Owing to Lead
title_sort	blood lead levels of children and the loss of ca<sup>2+</sup> from neurons owing to lead
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b59fef034de44057bef73a913361d131
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The Blood Lead Levels of Children and the Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from Neurons Owing to Lead

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