Point-of-Care Testing for Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension: A Pharmacy-Based Model in Lima, Peru

Background: Prevention and control of chronic diseases is a high priority for many low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of training pharmacy workers to provide point-of-care testing for 3 chronic diseases—hypertension, diabetes, and anemia—to impro...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Enrique M. Saldarriaga, Elisabeth Vodicka, Sayda La Rosa, Maria Valderrama
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2017
Materias:	point-of-care testing POC test rapid test anemia diabetes hypertension pharmacies Peru Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b5dfaa460e524c39b9a4c337ad18ba2c
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:b5dfaa460e524c39b9a4c337ad18ba2c
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b5dfaa460e524c39b9a4c337ad18ba2c2021-12-02T07:46:49ZPoint-of-Care Testing for Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension: A Pharmacy-Based Model in Lima, Peru2214-999610.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.514https://doaj.org/article/b5dfaa460e524c39b9a4c337ad18ba2c2017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/243https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Prevention and control of chronic diseases is a high priority for many low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of training pharmacy workers to provide point-of-care testing for 3 chronic diseases—hypertension, diabetes, and anemia—to improve disease detection and awareness through private pharmacies. Methods: We developed a multiphase training curriculum for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to build capacity for identification of risk factors, patient education, point-of-care testing, and referral for abnormal results. We conducted a pre-post evaluation with participants and evaluated results using Student 't' test for proportions. We conducted point-of-care testing with pharmacy clients and evaluated acceptability by patient characteristics (age, gender, and type of patient) using multiple logistic regression. Results: In total, 72 pharmacy workers (66%) completed the full training curriculum. Pretest scores indicated that pharmacists had more knowledge and skills in chronic disease risk factors, patient education, and testing than pharmacy technicians. All participants improved their knowledge and skills after the training, and post-test scores indicated that pharmacy technicians achieved the same level of competency as pharmacists ('P' < .01). Additionally, 698 clients received at least 1 test during the study; 53% completed the acceptability survey. Nearly 100% thought the pharmacy could provide faster results, faster and better attention, and better access to basic screening for hypertension, diabetes, and anemia than a traditional health center. Fast service was very important: 41% ranked faster results and 30% ranked faster attention as the most important factor for receiving diagnostic testing in the pharmacy. Discussion: We found that it is both feasible for pharmacies and acceptable to clients to train pharmacy workers to provide point-of-care testing for anemia, diabetes, and hypertension. This innovative approach holds potential to increase early detection of risk factors and bolster disease prevention and management efforts in Peru and other low- and middle-income settings.Enrique M. SaldarriagaElisabeth VodickaSayda La RosaMaria ValderramaUbiquity Pressarticlepoint-of-care testingPOC testrapid testanemiadiabeteshypertensionpharmaciesPeruInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 83, Iss 2, Pp 394-404 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	point-of-care testing POC test rapid test anemia diabetes hypertension pharmacies Peru Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	point-of-care testing POC test rapid test anemia diabetes hypertension pharmacies Peru Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Enrique M. Saldarriaga Elisabeth Vodicka Sayda La Rosa Maria Valderrama Point-of-Care Testing for Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension: A Pharmacy-Based Model in Lima, Peru
description	Background: Prevention and control of chronic diseases is a high priority for many low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of training pharmacy workers to provide point-of-care testing for 3 chronic diseases—hypertension, diabetes, and anemia—to improve disease detection and awareness through private pharmacies. Methods: We developed a multiphase training curriculum for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to build capacity for identification of risk factors, patient education, point-of-care testing, and referral for abnormal results. We conducted a pre-post evaluation with participants and evaluated results using Student 't' test for proportions. We conducted point-of-care testing with pharmacy clients and evaluated acceptability by patient characteristics (age, gender, and type of patient) using multiple logistic regression. Results: In total, 72 pharmacy workers (66%) completed the full training curriculum. Pretest scores indicated that pharmacists had more knowledge and skills in chronic disease risk factors, patient education, and testing than pharmacy technicians. All participants improved their knowledge and skills after the training, and post-test scores indicated that pharmacy technicians achieved the same level of competency as pharmacists ('P' < .01). Additionally, 698 clients received at least 1 test during the study; 53% completed the acceptability survey. Nearly 100% thought the pharmacy could provide faster results, faster and better attention, and better access to basic screening for hypertension, diabetes, and anemia than a traditional health center. Fast service was very important: 41% ranked faster results and 30% ranked faster attention as the most important factor for receiving diagnostic testing in the pharmacy. Discussion: We found that it is both feasible for pharmacies and acceptable to clients to train pharmacy workers to provide point-of-care testing for anemia, diabetes, and hypertension. This innovative approach holds potential to increase early detection of risk factors and bolster disease prevention and management efforts in Peru and other low- and middle-income settings.
format	article
author	Enrique M. Saldarriaga Elisabeth Vodicka Sayda La Rosa Maria Valderrama
author_facet	Enrique M. Saldarriaga Elisabeth Vodicka Sayda La Rosa Maria Valderrama
author_sort	Enrique M. Saldarriaga
title	Point-of-Care Testing for Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension: A Pharmacy-Based Model in Lima, Peru
title_short	Point-of-Care Testing for Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension: A Pharmacy-Based Model in Lima, Peru
title_full	Point-of-Care Testing for Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension: A Pharmacy-Based Model in Lima, Peru
title_fullStr	Point-of-Care Testing for Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension: A Pharmacy-Based Model in Lima, Peru
title_full_unstemmed	Point-of-Care Testing for Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension: A Pharmacy-Based Model in Lima, Peru
title_sort	point-of-care testing for anemia, diabetes, and hypertension: a pharmacy-based model in lima, peru
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/b5dfaa460e524c39b9a4c337ad18ba2c
work_keys_str_mv	AT enriquemsaldarriaga pointofcaretestingforanemiadiabetesandhypertensionapharmacybasedmodelinlimaperu AT elisabethvodicka pointofcaretestingforanemiadiabetesandhypertensionapharmacybasedmodelinlimaperu AT saydalarosa pointofcaretestingforanemiadiabetesandhypertensionapharmacybasedmodelinlimaperu AT mariavalderrama pointofcaretestingforanemiadiabetesandhypertensionapharmacybasedmodelinlimaperu
_version_	1718399181111951360

Point-of-Care Testing for Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension: A Pharmacy-Based Model in Lima, Peru

Ejemplares similares