TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

The respiratory tract is constantly at risk of invasion by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In particular, the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is at the very forefront of the battles between the host and the invading pathogens. Recent studies have rev...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Masanobu Suzuki, Clare Cooksley, Takayoshi Suzuki, Mahnaz Ramezanpour, Akira Nakazono, Yuji Nakamaru, Akihiro Homma, Sarah Vreugde
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	chronic rhinosinusitis allergic rhinitis NFκB Poly(I:C) nasal epithelial cells intracellular zinc Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b5f77bc9643d43b79dd8269450653856
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:b5f77bc9643d43b79dd8269450653856
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b5f77bc9643d43b79dd82694506538562021-11-22T04:44:33ZTLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses2673-610110.3389/falgy.2021.780425https://doaj.org/article/b5f77bc9643d43b79dd82694506538562021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/falgy.2021.780425/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-6101The respiratory tract is constantly at risk of invasion by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In particular, the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is at the very forefront of the battles between the host and the invading pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the epithelium not only constitutes a physical barrier but also takes an essential role in the activation of the immune system. One of the mechanisms equipped in the epithelium to fight against microorganisms is the Toll-like receptor (TLR) response. TLRs recognize common structural components of microorganisms and activate the innate immune system, resulting in the production of a plethora of cytokines and chemokines in the response against microbes. As the epithelia-derived cytokines are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), the molecules involved in the TLR response may be utilized as therapeutic targets for these diseases. There are several differences in the TLR response between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, and knowledge of the TLR signals in the upper airway is sparse compared to that in the lower airway. In this review, we provide recent evidence on TLR signaling in the upper airway, focusing on the expression, regulation, and responsiveness of TLRs in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). We also discuss how TLRs in the epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of, and possible therapeutic targeting, for CRS and AR.Masanobu SuzukiClare CooksleyTakayoshi SuzukiMahnaz RamezanpourAkira NakazonoYuji NakamaruAkihiro HommaSarah VreugdeFrontiers Media S.A.articlechronic rhinosinusitisallergic rhinitisNFκBPoly(I:C)nasal epithelial cellsintracellular zincImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Allergy, Vol 2 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	chronic rhinosinusitis allergic rhinitis NFκB Poly(I:C) nasal epithelial cells intracellular zinc Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	chronic rhinosinusitis allergic rhinitis NFκB Poly(I:C) nasal epithelial cells intracellular zinc Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Masanobu Suzuki Clare Cooksley Takayoshi Suzuki Mahnaz Ramezanpour Akira Nakazono Yuji Nakamaru Akihiro Homma Sarah Vreugde TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
description	The respiratory tract is constantly at risk of invasion by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In particular, the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is at the very forefront of the battles between the host and the invading pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the epithelium not only constitutes a physical barrier but also takes an essential role in the activation of the immune system. One of the mechanisms equipped in the epithelium to fight against microorganisms is the Toll-like receptor (TLR) response. TLRs recognize common structural components of microorganisms and activate the innate immune system, resulting in the production of a plethora of cytokines and chemokines in the response against microbes. As the epithelia-derived cytokines are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), the molecules involved in the TLR response may be utilized as therapeutic targets for these diseases. There are several differences in the TLR response between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, and knowledge of the TLR signals in the upper airway is sparse compared to that in the lower airway. In this review, we provide recent evidence on TLR signaling in the upper airway, focusing on the expression, regulation, and responsiveness of TLRs in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). We also discuss how TLRs in the epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of, and possible therapeutic targeting, for CRS and AR.
format	article
author	Masanobu Suzuki Clare Cooksley Takayoshi Suzuki Mahnaz Ramezanpour Akira Nakazono Yuji Nakamaru Akihiro Homma Sarah Vreugde
author_facet	Masanobu Suzuki Clare Cooksley Takayoshi Suzuki Mahnaz Ramezanpour Akira Nakazono Yuji Nakamaru Akihiro Homma Sarah Vreugde
author_sort	Masanobu Suzuki
title	TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
title_short	TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
title_full	TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
title_fullStr	TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
title_full_unstemmed	TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
title_sort	tlr signals in epithelial cells in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b5f77bc9643d43b79dd8269450653856
work_keys_str_mv	AT masanobusuzuki tlrsignalsinepithelialcellsinthenasalcavityandparanasalsinuses AT clarecooksley tlrsignalsinepithelialcellsinthenasalcavityandparanasalsinuses AT takayoshisuzuki tlrsignalsinepithelialcellsinthenasalcavityandparanasalsinuses AT mahnazramezanpour tlrsignalsinepithelialcellsinthenasalcavityandparanasalsinuses AT akiranakazono tlrsignalsinepithelialcellsinthenasalcavityandparanasalsinuses AT yujinakamaru tlrsignalsinepithelialcellsinthenasalcavityandparanasalsinuses AT akihirohomma tlrsignalsinepithelialcellsinthenasalcavityandparanasalsinuses AT sarahvreugde tlrsignalsinepithelialcellsinthenasalcavityandparanasalsinuses
_version_	1718418181909905408

TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Ejemplares similares