Generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations

Abstract We present an analytical study on generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) induced as a result of thermal fluctuations of the magnetic moments under non-equilibrium thermal interactions which has not been explored independent of Nyquist–Johnson noise until n...

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Autor principal:	Dhiraj Sinha
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b6185d33cf444a9994d81a0fee07296d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b6185d33cf444a9994d81a0fee07296d2021-12-02T15:11:53ZGeneration of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations10.1038/s41598-020-77206-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b6185d33cf444a9994d81a0fee07296d2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77206-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract We present an analytical study on generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) induced as a result of thermal fluctuations of the magnetic moments under non-equilibrium thermal interactions which has not been explored independent of Nyquist–Johnson noise until now. The mechanism of physical coupling between non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations and magnetic moments is illustrated using Lighthill’s formulation on suspension dynamics. We discover that unlike Nyquist–Johnson noise which has a uniform spectral density across a range of frequencies, the spectral dependence of acoustic-Brownian noise decreases with an increase in frequency and resembles Brownian noise associated with a particle in a potential well. The results have applications in the field of image enhancement algorithm as well as noise reduction instrumentation in NMR systems.Dhiraj SinhaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Dhiraj Sinha Generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations
description	Abstract We present an analytical study on generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) induced as a result of thermal fluctuations of the magnetic moments under non-equilibrium thermal interactions which has not been explored independent of Nyquist–Johnson noise until now. The mechanism of physical coupling between non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations and magnetic moments is illustrated using Lighthill’s formulation on suspension dynamics. We discover that unlike Nyquist–Johnson noise which has a uniform spectral density across a range of frequencies, the spectral dependence of acoustic-Brownian noise decreases with an increase in frequency and resembles Brownian noise associated with a particle in a potential well. The results have applications in the field of image enhancement algorithm as well as noise reduction instrumentation in NMR systems.
format	article
author	Dhiraj Sinha
author_facet	Dhiraj Sinha
author_sort	Dhiraj Sinha
title	Generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations
title_short	Generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations
title_full	Generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations
title_fullStr	Generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations
title_full_unstemmed	Generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations
title_sort	generation of acoustic-brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/b6185d33cf444a9994d81a0fee07296d
work_keys_str_mv	AT dhirajsinha generationofacousticbrowniannoiseinnuclearmagneticresonanceundernonequilibriumthermalfluctuations
_version_	1718387654795460608

Generation of acoustic-Brownian noise in nuclear magnetic resonance under non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations

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