Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control

The transport of agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants in water pathways is affected by various factors such as precipitation, terrain, soil erosion, surface and subsurface flows, soil texture, land management, and vegetation coverage. In this study, based on the transmission mechanism of NP...

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Autores principales:	Lili Zhou, Runzhe Geng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nonpoint source pollution path-through rate pollution load hydrological process Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b61fda64e0564d6c847ec6af9702a367
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b61fda64e0564d6c847ec6af9702a3672021-11-25T19:14:52ZDevelopment and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control10.3390/w132231562073-4441https://doaj.org/article/b61fda64e0564d6c847ec6af9702a3672021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3156https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The transport of agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants in water pathways is affected by various factors such as precipitation, terrain, soil erosion, surface and subsurface flows, soil texture, land management, and vegetation coverage. In this study, based on the transmission mechanism of NPS pollutants, we constructed a five-factor model for predicting the path-through rate of NPS pollutants. The five indices of the hydrological processes, namely the precipitation index (α), terrain index (β), runoff index (TI), subsurface runoff index (LI), and buffer strip retention index (RI), are integrated with the pollution source data, including the rural living, livestock and farmland data, obtained from the national pollution source census. The proposed model was applied to the headwater of the Miyun Reservoir watershed for identifying the areas with high path-through rates of agricultural NPS pollutants. The results demonstrated the following. (1) The simulation accuracy of the model is acceptable in mesoscale watersheds. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) agriculture loads were determined as 705.11 t and 3.16 t in 2014, with the relative errors of the simulations being 19.62% and 24.45%, respectively. (2) From the spatial distribution of the agricultural NPS, the TN and TP resource loads were mainly distributed among the upstream of Dage and downstream of Taishitun, as well as the towns of Bakshiying and Gaoling. The major source of TN was found to be farmland, accounting for 47.6%, followed by livestock, accounting for 37.4%. However, the path-through rates of TP were different from those of TN; rural living was the main TP source (65%). (3) The path-through rates of agricultural NPS were the highest for the towns of Wudaoying, Dage, Tuchengzi, Anchungoumen, and Huodoushan, where the path-through rate of TN ranged from 0.17 to 0.26. As for TP, it was highest in Wudaoying, Kulongshan, Dage, and Tuchengzi, with values ranging from 0.012 to 0.019. (4) A comprehensive analysis of the distribution of the NPS pollution load and the path-through rate revealed the towns of Dage, Wudaoying, and Tuchengzi as the critical source areas of agricultural NPS pollutants. Therefore, these towns should be seriously considered for effective watershed management. In addition, compared with field monitoring, the export coefficient model, and the physical-based model, the proposed five-factor model, which is based on the path-through rate and the mechanism of agricultural NPS pollutant transfer, cannot only obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the path-through rate on a field scale but also be applicable to large-scale watersheds for estimating the path-through rates of NPS pollutants.Lili ZhouRunzhe GengMDPI AGarticlenonpoint source pollutionpath-through ratepollution loadhydrological processHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3156, p 3156 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nonpoint source pollution path-through rate pollution load hydrological process Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	nonpoint source pollution path-through rate pollution load hydrological process Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Lili Zhou Runzhe Geng Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
description	The transport of agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollutants in water pathways is affected by various factors such as precipitation, terrain, soil erosion, surface and subsurface flows, soil texture, land management, and vegetation coverage. In this study, based on the transmission mechanism of NPS pollutants, we constructed a five-factor model for predicting the path-through rate of NPS pollutants. The five indices of the hydrological processes, namely the precipitation index (α), terrain index (β), runoff index (TI), subsurface runoff index (LI), and buffer strip retention index (RI), are integrated with the pollution source data, including the rural living, livestock and farmland data, obtained from the national pollution source census. The proposed model was applied to the headwater of the Miyun Reservoir watershed for identifying the areas with high path-through rates of agricultural NPS pollutants. The results demonstrated the following. (1) The simulation accuracy of the model is acceptable in mesoscale watersheds. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) agriculture loads were determined as 705.11 t and 3.16 t in 2014, with the relative errors of the simulations being 19.62% and 24.45%, respectively. (2) From the spatial distribution of the agricultural NPS, the TN and TP resource loads were mainly distributed among the upstream of Dage and downstream of Taishitun, as well as the towns of Bakshiying and Gaoling. The major source of TN was found to be farmland, accounting for 47.6%, followed by livestock, accounting for 37.4%. However, the path-through rates of TP were different from those of TN; rural living was the main TP source (65%). (3) The path-through rates of agricultural NPS were the highest for the towns of Wudaoying, Dage, Tuchengzi, Anchungoumen, and Huodoushan, where the path-through rate of TN ranged from 0.17 to 0.26. As for TP, it was highest in Wudaoying, Kulongshan, Dage, and Tuchengzi, with values ranging from 0.012 to 0.019. (4) A comprehensive analysis of the distribution of the NPS pollution load and the path-through rate revealed the towns of Dage, Wudaoying, and Tuchengzi as the critical source areas of agricultural NPS pollutants. Therefore, these towns should be seriously considered for effective watershed management. In addition, compared with field monitoring, the export coefficient model, and the physical-based model, the proposed five-factor model, which is based on the path-through rate and the mechanism of agricultural NPS pollutant transfer, cannot only obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the path-through rate on a field scale but also be applicable to large-scale watersheds for estimating the path-through rates of NPS pollutants.
format	article
author	Lili Zhou Runzhe Geng
author_facet	Lili Zhou Runzhe Geng
author_sort	Lili Zhou
title	Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
title_short	Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
title_full	Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
title_fullStr	Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
title_full_unstemmed	Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
title_sort	development and assessment of a new framework for agricultural nonpoint source pollution control
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b61fda64e0564d6c847ec6af9702a367
work_keys_str_mv	AT lilizhou developmentandassessmentofanewframeworkforagriculturalnonpointsourcepollutioncontrol AT runzhegeng developmentandassessmentofanewframeworkforagriculturalnonpointsourcepollutioncontrol
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Development and Assessment of a New Framework for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Control

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