Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic

Abstract Archaeologically defined Upper Palaeolithic (UP, 45,000–10,000 years ago) “cultures” are often used as proxies to designate fossil populations. While recent genomic studies have partly clarified the complex relationship between European UP “cultures” and past population dynamics, they leave...

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Autores principales:	Aurélien Mounier, Yann Heuzé, Mathilde Samsel, Sergey Vasilyev, Laurent Klaric, Sébastien Villotte
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b62cdf2a5ae94d3e8ff9a554197f16d2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b62cdf2a5ae94d3e8ff9a554197f16d22021-12-02T13:58:15ZGravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic10.1038/s41598-020-78841-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b62cdf2a5ae94d3e8ff9a554197f16d22020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78841-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Archaeologically defined Upper Palaeolithic (UP, 45,000–10,000 years ago) “cultures” are often used as proxies to designate fossil populations. While recent genomic studies have partly clarified the complex relationship between European UP “cultures” and past population dynamics, they leave open numerous questions regarding the biological characterization of these human groups, especially regarding the Mid-UP period (MUP, 33,000–24,000 years ago), which encompasses a pan-European cultural mosaic (Gravettian) with several regional facies. Here, we analyse a large database of well-dated and well-preserved UP crania, including MUP specimens from South-West France (SWF) and Moravia, using 3D geometric morphometrics to test for human group affinities. Our results show that the Gravettian makers from these two regions form a remarkably phenetically homogeneous sample which is different from, and more homogeneous than, the Late UP sample. Those results are congruent with genomic studies indicating a genetic continuity within the Gravettian manufacturers and a discontinuity marked by the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Moreover, our study expands the geographical range of the MUP phenetic continuity to SWF, for which aDNA data are scarce, and clarifies the post-LGM European population structure in SWF, with a possible dual ancestry stemming from different LGM refugia.Aurélien MounierYann HeuzéMathilde SamselSergey VasilyevLaurent KlaricSébastien VillotteNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Aurélien Mounier Yann Heuzé Mathilde Samsel Sergey Vasilyev Laurent Klaric Sébastien Villotte Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic
description	Abstract Archaeologically defined Upper Palaeolithic (UP, 45,000–10,000 years ago) “cultures” are often used as proxies to designate fossil populations. While recent genomic studies have partly clarified the complex relationship between European UP “cultures” and past population dynamics, they leave open numerous questions regarding the biological characterization of these human groups, especially regarding the Mid-UP period (MUP, 33,000–24,000 years ago), which encompasses a pan-European cultural mosaic (Gravettian) with several regional facies. Here, we analyse a large database of well-dated and well-preserved UP crania, including MUP specimens from South-West France (SWF) and Moravia, using 3D geometric morphometrics to test for human group affinities. Our results show that the Gravettian makers from these two regions form a remarkably phenetically homogeneous sample which is different from, and more homogeneous than, the Late UP sample. Those results are congruent with genomic studies indicating a genetic continuity within the Gravettian manufacturers and a discontinuity marked by the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Moreover, our study expands the geographical range of the MUP phenetic continuity to SWF, for which aDNA data are scarce, and clarifies the post-LGM European population structure in SWF, with a possible dual ancestry stemming from different LGM refugia.
format	article
author	Aurélien Mounier Yann Heuzé Mathilde Samsel Sergey Vasilyev Laurent Klaric Sébastien Villotte
author_facet	Aurélien Mounier Yann Heuzé Mathilde Samsel Sergey Vasilyev Laurent Klaric Sébastien Villotte
author_sort	Aurélien Mounier
title	Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic
title_short	Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic
title_full	Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic
title_fullStr	Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic
title_full_unstemmed	Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic
title_sort	gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the european upper palaeolithic
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/b62cdf2a5ae94d3e8ff9a554197f16d2
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Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic

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