Adult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance

Abstract Powdery mildew isa major disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for which breeders have traditionally relied on dominant, pathogen race‐specific resistance genes for genetic control. Directional selection pressures in extensive monocultures invariably result in such genes being overcome as...

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Autores principales:	Cynthia Ge, Elzette Wentzel, Nola D'Souza, Kefei Chen, Richard P Oliver, Simon R Ellwood
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	Plant culture SB1-1110 Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b649c5427c5d4ca9822942386bc23bc0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b649c5427c5d4ca9822942386bc23bc02021-12-05T07:50:12ZAdult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance1940-337210.1002/tpg2.20129https://doaj.org/article/b649c5427c5d4ca9822942386bc23bc02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20129https://doaj.org/toc/1940-3372Abstract Powdery mildew isa major disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for which breeders have traditionally relied on dominant, pathogen race‐specific resistance genes for genetic control. Directional selection pressures in extensive monocultures invariably result in such genes being overcome as the pathogen mutates to evade recognition. This has led to a widespread reliance on fungicides and a single broad‐spectrum recessive resistance provided by the mlo gene. The range of resistance genes and alleles found in wild crop relatives and landraces has been reduced in agricultural cultivars through an erosion of genetic diversity during domestication and selective breeding. Three novel major‐effect adult plant resistance (APR) genes from landraces, designated Resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Rbgh1 to Rbgh3), were identified in the terminal regions of barley chromosomes 5HL, 7HS, and 1HS, respectively. The phenotype of the new APR genes showed neither pronounced penetration resistance, nor the spontaneous necrosis and mesophyll cell death typical of mlo resistance, nor a whole epidermal cell hypersensitive response, typical of race‐specific resistance. Instead, resistance was localized to the site of attempted penetration in an epidermal cell and was associated with cell wall appositions and cytosolic vesicle‐like bodies, and lacked strong induction of reactive oxygen species. The APR genes exhibited differences in vesicle‐like body sizes, their distribution, and the extent of localized 3,3‐diaminobenzidine staining in individual doubled haploid lines. The results revealed a set of unique basal penetration resistance genes that offer opportunities for combining different resistance mechanisms in breeding programs for robust mildew resistance.Cynthia GeElzette WentzelNola D'SouzaKefei ChenRichard P OliverSimon R EllwoodWileyarticlePlant cultureSB1-1110GeneticsQH426-470ENThe Plant Genome, Vol 14, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Plant culture SB1-1110 Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Plant culture SB1-1110 Genetics QH426-470 Cynthia Ge Elzette Wentzel Nola D'Souza Kefei Chen Richard P Oliver Simon R Ellwood Adult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance
description	Abstract Powdery mildew isa major disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for which breeders have traditionally relied on dominant, pathogen race‐specific resistance genes for genetic control. Directional selection pressures in extensive monocultures invariably result in such genes being overcome as the pathogen mutates to evade recognition. This has led to a widespread reliance on fungicides and a single broad‐spectrum recessive resistance provided by the mlo gene. The range of resistance genes and alleles found in wild crop relatives and landraces has been reduced in agricultural cultivars through an erosion of genetic diversity during domestication and selective breeding. Three novel major‐effect adult plant resistance (APR) genes from landraces, designated Resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Rbgh1 to Rbgh3), were identified in the terminal regions of barley chromosomes 5HL, 7HS, and 1HS, respectively. The phenotype of the new APR genes showed neither pronounced penetration resistance, nor the spontaneous necrosis and mesophyll cell death typical of mlo resistance, nor a whole epidermal cell hypersensitive response, typical of race‐specific resistance. Instead, resistance was localized to the site of attempted penetration in an epidermal cell and was associated with cell wall appositions and cytosolic vesicle‐like bodies, and lacked strong induction of reactive oxygen species. The APR genes exhibited differences in vesicle‐like body sizes, their distribution, and the extent of localized 3,3‐diaminobenzidine staining in individual doubled haploid lines. The results revealed a set of unique basal penetration resistance genes that offer opportunities for combining different resistance mechanisms in breeding programs for robust mildew resistance.
format	article
author	Cynthia Ge Elzette Wentzel Nola D'Souza Kefei Chen Richard P Oliver Simon R Ellwood
author_facet	Cynthia Ge Elzette Wentzel Nola D'Souza Kefei Chen Richard P Oliver Simon R Ellwood
author_sort	Cynthia Ge
title	Adult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance
title_short	Adult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance
title_full	Adult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance
title_fullStr	Adult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance
title_full_unstemmed	Adult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance
title_sort	adult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b649c5427c5d4ca9822942386bc23bc0
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Adult resistance genes to barley powdery mildew confer basal penetration resistance associated with broad‐spectrum resistance

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