Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players

# Background Many studies have been done on the strength and mobility of the shoulder and hip in baseball players, but fewer studies have examined these metrics in softball players. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze changes in range of motion (ROM) and strength at the...

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Autores principales:	Cameron R Guy, Giorgio Zeppieri Jr., Michelle L Bruner, Katie Davis, Kevin W Farmer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	North American Sports Medicine Institute 2021
Materias:	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b64f04f71930420694a3d605be7c9257
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b64f04f71930420694a3d605be7c92572021-12-02T00:38:45ZShoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players2159-2896https://doaj.org/article/b64f04f71930420694a3d605be7c92572021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ijspt.scholasticahq.com/article/29515-shoulder-and-hip-range-of-motion-and-strength-changes-throughout-a-season-in-college-softball-players.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2159-2896# Background Many studies have been done on the strength and mobility of the shoulder and hip in baseball players, but fewer studies have examined these metrics in softball players. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze changes in range of motion (ROM) and strength at the hip and shoulder that occur over the course of a competitive season, to describe preseason ROM and strength at the hip and shoulder in healthy college softball players through side-to-side comparison, and to compare measurements between pitchers and position players. # Study Design Descriptive Cohort Study # Methods Data was collected over the course of six seasons, and a total of fifty-four healthy softball athletes (including pitchers and postiion players) who completed at least one set of preseason and postseason measurements were included. Subjects underwent passive ROM (External rotation \[ER\], internal rotation \[IR\], total arc of motion \[TAM\]) and strength (ER/IR at the shoulder, abduction/extension at the hip) measurements at preseason and postseason timepoints. # Results Over a season, position players demonstrated an increase in all ROM metrics in both shoulders, except dominant IR, and a decrease in ER strength at the shoulder bilaterally (p\<0.05). They also showed decreased ROM in all metrics across both hips (p\<0.05). Pitchers had increased IR and TAM ROM in the dominant shoulder, decreased strength in both shoulders (ER throwing; ER and IR non-throwing), decreased ROM in both hips, and decreased abduction strength in the non-dominant hip (p\<0.05). Position players showed less preseason IR in the dominant shoulder compared to non-dominant IR (Dominant: 31.7 ± 1.6°, Non-dominant: 37.0 ± 2.3°; p\<0.05). # Conclusion Softball pitchers and position players both show increased ROM at the shoulder and decreased ROM at the hip over the course of a season. Position players demonstrated side-to-side discrepancies and seasonal changes at the throwing shoulder similar to those seen in baseball players. The preseason mobility of the dominant shoulder of pitchers increased over the season while strength of hip abduction in the non-dominant side was reduced. # Level of Evidence 3Cameron R GuyGiorgio Zeppieri Jr.Michelle L BrunerKatie DavisKevin W FarmerNorth American Sports Medicine InstitutearticleSports medicineRC1200-1245ENInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, Vol 16, Iss 6 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
spellingShingle	Sports medicine RC1200-1245 Cameron R Guy Giorgio Zeppieri Jr. Michelle L Bruner Katie Davis Kevin W Farmer Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players
description	# Background Many studies have been done on the strength and mobility of the shoulder and hip in baseball players, but fewer studies have examined these metrics in softball players. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze changes in range of motion (ROM) and strength at the hip and shoulder that occur over the course of a competitive season, to describe preseason ROM and strength at the hip and shoulder in healthy college softball players through side-to-side comparison, and to compare measurements between pitchers and position players. # Study Design Descriptive Cohort Study # Methods Data was collected over the course of six seasons, and a total of fifty-four healthy softball athletes (including pitchers and postiion players) who completed at least one set of preseason and postseason measurements were included. Subjects underwent passive ROM (External rotation \[ER\], internal rotation \[IR\], total arc of motion \[TAM\]) and strength (ER/IR at the shoulder, abduction/extension at the hip) measurements at preseason and postseason timepoints. # Results Over a season, position players demonstrated an increase in all ROM metrics in both shoulders, except dominant IR, and a decrease in ER strength at the shoulder bilaterally (p\<0.05). They also showed decreased ROM in all metrics across both hips (p\<0.05). Pitchers had increased IR and TAM ROM in the dominant shoulder, decreased strength in both shoulders (ER throwing; ER and IR non-throwing), decreased ROM in both hips, and decreased abduction strength in the non-dominant hip (p\<0.05). Position players showed less preseason IR in the dominant shoulder compared to non-dominant IR (Dominant: 31.7 ± 1.6°, Non-dominant: 37.0 ± 2.3°; p\<0.05). # Conclusion Softball pitchers and position players both show increased ROM at the shoulder and decreased ROM at the hip over the course of a season. Position players demonstrated side-to-side discrepancies and seasonal changes at the throwing shoulder similar to those seen in baseball players. The preseason mobility of the dominant shoulder of pitchers increased over the season while strength of hip abduction in the non-dominant side was reduced. # Level of Evidence 3
format	article
author	Cameron R Guy Giorgio Zeppieri Jr. Michelle L Bruner Katie Davis Kevin W Farmer
author_facet	Cameron R Guy Giorgio Zeppieri Jr. Michelle L Bruner Katie Davis Kevin W Farmer
author_sort	Cameron R Guy
title	Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players
title_short	Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players
title_full	Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players
title_fullStr	Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players
title_full_unstemmed	Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players
title_sort	shoulder and hip range of motion and strength changes throughout a season in college softball players
publisher	North American Sports Medicine Institute
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b64f04f71930420694a3d605be7c9257
work_keys_str_mv	AT cameronrguy shoulderandhiprangeofmotionandstrengthchangesthroughoutaseasonincollegesoftballplayers AT giorgiozeppierijr shoulderandhiprangeofmotionandstrengthchangesthroughoutaseasonincollegesoftballplayers AT michellelbruner shoulderandhiprangeofmotionandstrengthchangesthroughoutaseasonincollegesoftballplayers AT katiedavis shoulderandhiprangeofmotionandstrengthchangesthroughoutaseasonincollegesoftballplayers AT kevinwfarmer shoulderandhiprangeofmotionandstrengthchangesthroughoutaseasonincollegesoftballplayers
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Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players

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