The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease

Background: Non-motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) include the limbic, cognitive, and brainstem phenotype, which may have different pathological pathways with olfaction. In this work, we aim to clarify the association between olfactory dysfunction, depression, cognition, and disease sev...

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Autores principales:	Ting-Chun Fang, Ming-Hong Chang, Chun-Pai Yang, Yi-Huei Chen, Ching-Heng Lin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Parkinson's disease University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test non-motor symptoms anosmia depression cognitive impairment Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b655bf052cbc4ef78a81f07d08800b24
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b655bf052cbc4ef78a81f07d08800b242021-11-22T05:05:55ZThe Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease1664-229510.3389/fneur.2021.779712https://doaj.org/article/b655bf052cbc4ef78a81f07d08800b242021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.779712/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2295Background: Non-motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) include the limbic, cognitive, and brainstem phenotype, which may have different pathological pathways with olfaction. In this work, we aim to clarify the association between olfactory dysfunction, depression, cognition, and disease severity in PD.Methods: A total of 105 PD subjects were included and divided into anosmia and non-anosmic groups, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). All patients were evaluated with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Beck depression inventory (BDI)-II, and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA).Results: The BDI-II and UPSIT scores had a trend of reverse correlation without statistical significance (β-coefficient −0.12, p = 0.232). However, the odds ratio (OR) in anosmia was 2.74 (95% CI 1.01–7.46) for depression and 2.58 (95% CI 1.06–6.29) for cognitive impairment. For the MDS-UPDRS total and Part 3 score, the anosmia had a β-coefficient of 12.26 (95% CI 5.69–18.82) and 8.07 (95% CI 3.46–12.67), respectively. Neither depression nor cognitive impairment is associated with motor symptoms.Conclusion: More severe olfactory dysfunction in PD is associated with cognitive impairment and greater disease severity. Depression in PD may involve complex pathways, causing relatively weak association with olfactory dysfunction.Ting-Chun FangMing-Hong ChangMing-Hong ChangChun-Pai YangYi-Huei ChenChing-Heng LinFrontiers Media S.A.articleParkinson's diseaseUniversity of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Testnon-motor symptomsanosmiadepressioncognitive impairmentNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENFrontiers in Neurology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Parkinson's disease University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test non-motor symptoms anosmia depression cognitive impairment Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Parkinson's disease University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test non-motor symptoms anosmia depression cognitive impairment Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Ting-Chun Fang Ming-Hong Chang Ming-Hong Chang Chun-Pai Yang Yi-Huei Chen Ching-Heng Lin The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease
description	Background: Non-motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) include the limbic, cognitive, and brainstem phenotype, which may have different pathological pathways with olfaction. In this work, we aim to clarify the association between olfactory dysfunction, depression, cognition, and disease severity in PD.Methods: A total of 105 PD subjects were included and divided into anosmia and non-anosmic groups, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). All patients were evaluated with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Beck depression inventory (BDI)-II, and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA).Results: The BDI-II and UPSIT scores had a trend of reverse correlation without statistical significance (β-coefficient −0.12, p = 0.232). However, the odds ratio (OR) in anosmia was 2.74 (95% CI 1.01–7.46) for depression and 2.58 (95% CI 1.06–6.29) for cognitive impairment. For the MDS-UPDRS total and Part 3 score, the anosmia had a β-coefficient of 12.26 (95% CI 5.69–18.82) and 8.07 (95% CI 3.46–12.67), respectively. Neither depression nor cognitive impairment is associated with motor symptoms.Conclusion: More severe olfactory dysfunction in PD is associated with cognitive impairment and greater disease severity. Depression in PD may involve complex pathways, causing relatively weak association with olfactory dysfunction.
format	article
author	Ting-Chun Fang Ming-Hong Chang Ming-Hong Chang Chun-Pai Yang Yi-Huei Chen Ching-Heng Lin
author_facet	Ting-Chun Fang Ming-Hong Chang Ming-Hong Chang Chun-Pai Yang Yi-Huei Chen Ching-Heng Lin
author_sort	Ting-Chun Fang
title	The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease
title_short	The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease
title_full	The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease
title_fullStr	The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease
title_full_unstemmed	The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease
title_sort	association of olfactory dysfunction with depression, cognition, and disease severity in parkinson's disease
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b655bf052cbc4ef78a81f07d08800b24
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The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease

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