Magnetism and Grain-Size Distribution of Particles Deposited on the Surface of Urban Trees in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China

Studies on the variation in the particulate matter (PM) content, Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM), and particle grain-size distribution at a high spatial resolution are helpful in evaluating the important role of urban forests in PM removal. In this study, the trees located in den...

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Autores principales:	Bo Wang, Xiaochen Zhang, Chenming Gu, Mei Zhang, Yuanhao Zhao, Jia Jia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	PM pollution urban forest biomagnetic monitoring grain-size distribution environmental conditions Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b65c56cb02a6433a9f7f16622d4b658f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b65c56cb02a6433a9f7f16622d4b658f2021-11-25T17:49:50ZMagnetism and Grain-Size Distribution of Particles Deposited on the Surface of Urban Trees in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China10.3390/ijerph1822119641660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/b65c56cb02a6433a9f7f16622d4b658f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11964https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Studies on the variation in the particulate matter (PM) content, Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM), and particle grain-size distribution at a high spatial resolution are helpful in evaluating the important role of urban forests in PM removal. In this study, the trees located in dense urban forests (T0) retained more PM than trees located in open spaces (T1–T4); the SIRM and PM weight of T0 were 1.54–2.53 and 1.04–1.47 times more than those of T1–T4, respectively. In addition, the SIRM and PM weight decreased with increasing distance to the road, suggesting that distance from pollution sources plays a key role in reducing the air concentration of PM. The different grain-size components were determined from frequency curve plots using a laser particle-size analyzer. A unimodal spectrum with a major peak of approximately 20 μm and a minor peak between 0.1 and 1 μm was observed, indicating that a large proportion of fine air PM was retained by the needles of the study trees. Additionally, more <2.5 μm size fraction particles were observed at the sampling site near the traffic source but, compared to a tree in a row of trees, the percentage of the >10 μm size fraction for the tree in the dense urban forest was higher, indicating that the particles deposited on the needle surface originating from traffic sources were finer than those from natural atmospheric dust. The exploration of the variation in the PM weight, SIRM, and grain size of the particles deposited on the needle surface facilitates monitoring the removal of PM by urban forests under different environmental conditions (e.g., in closed dense urban forests and in open roadside spaces), different distances to roads, and different sampling heights above the ground.Bo WangXiaochen ZhangChenming GuMei ZhangYuanhao ZhaoJia JiaMDPI AGarticlePM pollutionurban forestbiomagnetic monitoringgrain-size distributionenvironmental conditionsMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11964, p 11964 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	PM pollution urban forest biomagnetic monitoring grain-size distribution environmental conditions Medicine R
spellingShingle	PM pollution urban forest biomagnetic monitoring grain-size distribution environmental conditions Medicine R Bo Wang Xiaochen Zhang Chenming Gu Mei Zhang Yuanhao Zhao Jia Jia Magnetism and Grain-Size Distribution of Particles Deposited on the Surface of Urban Trees in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China
description	Studies on the variation in the particulate matter (PM) content, Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM), and particle grain-size distribution at a high spatial resolution are helpful in evaluating the important role of urban forests in PM removal. In this study, the trees located in dense urban forests (T0) retained more PM than trees located in open spaces (T1–T4); the SIRM and PM weight of T0 were 1.54–2.53 and 1.04–1.47 times more than those of T1–T4, respectively. In addition, the SIRM and PM weight decreased with increasing distance to the road, suggesting that distance from pollution sources plays a key role in reducing the air concentration of PM. The different grain-size components were determined from frequency curve plots using a laser particle-size analyzer. A unimodal spectrum with a major peak of approximately 20 μm and a minor peak between 0.1 and 1 μm was observed, indicating that a large proportion of fine air PM was retained by the needles of the study trees. Additionally, more <2.5 μm size fraction particles were observed at the sampling site near the traffic source but, compared to a tree in a row of trees, the percentage of the >10 μm size fraction for the tree in the dense urban forest was higher, indicating that the particles deposited on the needle surface originating from traffic sources were finer than those from natural atmospheric dust. The exploration of the variation in the PM weight, SIRM, and grain size of the particles deposited on the needle surface facilitates monitoring the removal of PM by urban forests under different environmental conditions (e.g., in closed dense urban forests and in open roadside spaces), different distances to roads, and different sampling heights above the ground.
format	article
author	Bo Wang Xiaochen Zhang Chenming Gu Mei Zhang Yuanhao Zhao Jia Jia
author_facet	Bo Wang Xiaochen Zhang Chenming Gu Mei Zhang Yuanhao Zhao Jia Jia
author_sort	Bo Wang
title	Magnetism and Grain-Size Distribution of Particles Deposited on the Surface of Urban Trees in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China
title_short	Magnetism and Grain-Size Distribution of Particles Deposited on the Surface of Urban Trees in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China
title_full	Magnetism and Grain-Size Distribution of Particles Deposited on the Surface of Urban Trees in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China
title_fullStr	Magnetism and Grain-Size Distribution of Particles Deposited on the Surface of Urban Trees in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China
title_full_unstemmed	Magnetism and Grain-Size Distribution of Particles Deposited on the Surface of Urban Trees in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China
title_sort	magnetism and grain-size distribution of particles deposited on the surface of urban trees in lanzhou city, northwestern china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b65c56cb02a6433a9f7f16622d4b658f
work_keys_str_mv	AT bowang magnetismandgrainsizedistributionofparticlesdepositedonthesurfaceofurbantreesinlanzhoucitynorthwesternchina AT xiaochenzhang magnetismandgrainsizedistributionofparticlesdepositedonthesurfaceofurbantreesinlanzhoucitynorthwesternchina AT chenminggu magnetismandgrainsizedistributionofparticlesdepositedonthesurfaceofurbantreesinlanzhoucitynorthwesternchina AT meizhang magnetismandgrainsizedistributionofparticlesdepositedonthesurfaceofurbantreesinlanzhoucitynorthwesternchina AT yuanhaozhao magnetismandgrainsizedistributionofparticlesdepositedonthesurfaceofurbantreesinlanzhoucitynorthwesternchina AT jiajia magnetismandgrainsizedistributionofparticlesdepositedonthesurfaceofurbantreesinlanzhoucitynorthwesternchina
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Magnetism and Grain-Size Distribution of Particles Deposited on the Surface of Urban Trees in Lanzhou City, Northwestern China

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