BLOOD PLATELETS AS ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE REACTIONS. PART 1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATELETS AS INFLAMMATORY CELLS

Platelets are the smallest blood cells, and yet their total volume and surface area exceed those of all types of leukocytes combined. Platelets are produced by the bone marrow megakaryocytes and megakaryocytes in the lung microvessels. Approximately 50% of all platelets are produced in the lungs, wh...

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Autores principales:	N. B. Serebryanaya, S. N. Shanin, E. E. Fomicheva, P. P. Yakutseni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	RU
Publicado:	SPb RAACI 2018
Materias:	platelets megakaryocytes microparticles receptors atp lipid mediators Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b679a55a35a0433b8d5951d721829006
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b679a55a35a0433b8d5951d7218290062021-11-18T08:03:47ZBLOOD PLATELETS AS ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE REACTIONS. PART 1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATELETS AS INFLAMMATORY CELLS1563-06252313-741X10.15789/1563-0625-2018-6-785-796https://doaj.org/article/b679a55a35a0433b8d5951d7218290062018-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/1663https://doaj.org/toc/1563-0625https://doaj.org/toc/2313-741XPlatelets are the smallest blood cells, and yet their total volume and surface area exceed those of all types of leukocytes combined. Platelets are produced by the bone marrow megakaryocytes and megakaryocytes in the lung microvessels. Approximately 50% of all platelets are produced in the lungs, which makes it possible to characterize them as the main site for the production of platelets. In small circuit of blood circulation, there are approximately 30% more platelets than in large circuit. This “excess” of platelets is necessary for the stabilization of the endothelial barrier of the lung vessels regulated by the platelet mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate, a regulator of tight junctions of endothelial cells. The circulating platelets have an amazing ability to “bud” new pro- and pre-platelets, giving rise to new platelets. The removal of platelets from circulation proceeds via their phagocytosis by spleen macrophages (if platelets are covered with IgG or are bound to immune complexes), or Kupffer liver cells and hepatocytes (if platelets have incomplete glycans or desialated proteins). In homeostatic conditions, most of the platelets are removed in liver. Platelet clearance in bacterial infections and sepsis is accelerated because of the activity of bacterial sialidases. Recognition of desialized platelet structures is carried out by the liver cells through the Asgr receptor. Despite DNA absence, the platelets are able to synthesize proteins at mRNAs that are present in majority of platelets. Activation of platelets leads to aggregation and exocytosis of the granule contents, and production of immunomodulating molecules. However, activation of platelets may be incomplete and has various consequences. In a non-classical activation model, platelets can release microparticles that contain about 600 different proteins. About 75% of microparticles in the blood of healthy donors are derived from platelets. Like as immune system cells, platelets are activated by numerous endogenous ligands (alarms), including ADP and ATP, which bind to purinergic receptors P2Y1, P2Y12 andP2X1. Platelets accumulate and retain 99% of the serotonin stored in the body. The platelets contribute to induction of inflammation by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators. In addition, platelets are the source of enzymes that accomplish the capacities of neutrophils and endothelium for production of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that contribute to tissue repair following acute phase of inflammation.N. B. SerebryanayaS. N. ShaninE. E. FomichevaP. P. YakutseniSPb RAACIarticleplateletsmegakaryocytesmicroparticlesreceptorsatplipid mediatorsImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607RUMedicinskaâ Immunologiâ, Vol 20, Iss 6, Pp 785-796 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	RU
topic	platelets megakaryocytes microparticles receptors atp lipid mediators Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	platelets megakaryocytes microparticles receptors atp lipid mediators Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 N. B. Serebryanaya S. N. Shanin E. E. Fomicheva P. P. Yakutseni BLOOD PLATELETS AS ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE REACTIONS. PART 1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATELETS AS INFLAMMATORY CELLS
description	Platelets are the smallest blood cells, and yet their total volume and surface area exceed those of all types of leukocytes combined. Platelets are produced by the bone marrow megakaryocytes and megakaryocytes in the lung microvessels. Approximately 50% of all platelets are produced in the lungs, which makes it possible to characterize them as the main site for the production of platelets. In small circuit of blood circulation, there are approximately 30% more platelets than in large circuit. This “excess” of platelets is necessary for the stabilization of the endothelial barrier of the lung vessels regulated by the platelet mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate, a regulator of tight junctions of endothelial cells. The circulating platelets have an amazing ability to “bud” new pro- and pre-platelets, giving rise to new platelets. The removal of platelets from circulation proceeds via their phagocytosis by spleen macrophages (if platelets are covered with IgG or are bound to immune complexes), or Kupffer liver cells and hepatocytes (if platelets have incomplete glycans or desialated proteins). In homeostatic conditions, most of the platelets are removed in liver. Platelet clearance in bacterial infections and sepsis is accelerated because of the activity of bacterial sialidases. Recognition of desialized platelet structures is carried out by the liver cells through the Asgr receptor. Despite DNA absence, the platelets are able to synthesize proteins at mRNAs that are present in majority of platelets. Activation of platelets leads to aggregation and exocytosis of the granule contents, and production of immunomodulating molecules. However, activation of platelets may be incomplete and has various consequences. In a non-classical activation model, platelets can release microparticles that contain about 600 different proteins. About 75% of microparticles in the blood of healthy donors are derived from platelets. Like as immune system cells, platelets are activated by numerous endogenous ligands (alarms), including ADP and ATP, which bind to purinergic receptors P2Y1, P2Y12 andP2X1. Platelets accumulate and retain 99% of the serotonin stored in the body. The platelets contribute to induction of inflammation by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators. In addition, platelets are the source of enzymes that accomplish the capacities of neutrophils and endothelium for production of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that contribute to tissue repair following acute phase of inflammation.
format	article
author	N. B. Serebryanaya S. N. Shanin E. E. Fomicheva P. P. Yakutseni
author_facet	N. B. Serebryanaya S. N. Shanin E. E. Fomicheva P. P. Yakutseni
author_sort	N. B. Serebryanaya
title	BLOOD PLATELETS AS ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE REACTIONS. PART 1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATELETS AS INFLAMMATORY CELLS
title_short	BLOOD PLATELETS AS ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE REACTIONS. PART 1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATELETS AS INFLAMMATORY CELLS
title_full	BLOOD PLATELETS AS ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE REACTIONS. PART 1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATELETS AS INFLAMMATORY CELLS
title_fullStr	BLOOD PLATELETS AS ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE REACTIONS. PART 1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATELETS AS INFLAMMATORY CELLS
title_full_unstemmed	BLOOD PLATELETS AS ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE REACTIONS. PART 1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATELETS AS INFLAMMATORY CELLS
title_sort	blood platelets as activators and regulators of inflammatory and immune reactions. part 1. basic characteristics of platelets as inflammatory cells
publisher	SPb RAACI
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/b679a55a35a0433b8d5951d721829006
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BLOOD PLATELETS AS ACTIVATORS AND REGULATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE REACTIONS. PART 1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATELETS AS INFLAMMATORY CELLS

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