Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview

The pollution of toxic heavy metals is considered one of the most important environmental issues which has accelerated dramatically due to changing industrial activities. This review focuses on the most common methods, strategies, and biological approaches of heavy metal bioremediation. Also, it pro...

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Autores principales:	Ali Sayqal, Omar B. Ahmed
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b68b6cc4dbd443ca8375f36a36ecfa8f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b68b6cc4dbd443ca8375f36a36ecfa8f2021-11-22T01:11:04ZAdvances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview1754-210310.1155/2021/1609149https://doaj.org/article/b68b6cc4dbd443ca8375f36a36ecfa8f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1609149https://doaj.org/toc/1754-2103The pollution of toxic heavy metals is considered one of the most important environmental issues which has accelerated dramatically due to changing industrial activities. This review focuses on the most common methods, strategies, and biological approaches of heavy metal bioremediation. Also, it provides a general overview of the role of microorganisms in the bioremediation of heavy metals in polluted environments. Advanced methods of heavy metal remediation include physicochemical and biological methods; the latter can be further classified into in situ and ex situ bioremediation. The in situ process includes bioventing, biosparging, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation. Ex situ bioremediation includes land farming, composting, biopiles, and bioreactors. Bioremediation uses naturally occurring microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes, and Mycobacterium. Generally, bioremediation is of very less effort, less labor intensive, cheap, ecofriendly, sustainable, and relatively easy to implement. Most of the disadvantages of bioremediation relate to the slowness and time-consumption; furthermore, the products of biodegradation sometimes become more toxic than the original compound. The performance evaluation of bioremediation might be difficult as it has no acceptable endpoint. There is a need for further studies to develop bioremediation technologies in order to find more biological solutions for bioremediation of heavy metal contamination from different environmental systems.Ali SayqalOmar B. AhmedHindawi LimitedarticleBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENApplied Bionics and Biomechanics, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ali Sayqal Omar B. Ahmed Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
description	The pollution of toxic heavy metals is considered one of the most important environmental issues which has accelerated dramatically due to changing industrial activities. This review focuses on the most common methods, strategies, and biological approaches of heavy metal bioremediation. Also, it provides a general overview of the role of microorganisms in the bioremediation of heavy metals in polluted environments. Advanced methods of heavy metal remediation include physicochemical and biological methods; the latter can be further classified into in situ and ex situ bioremediation. The in situ process includes bioventing, biosparging, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation. Ex situ bioremediation includes land farming, composting, biopiles, and bioreactors. Bioremediation uses naturally occurring microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes, and Mycobacterium. Generally, bioremediation is of very less effort, less labor intensive, cheap, ecofriendly, sustainable, and relatively easy to implement. Most of the disadvantages of bioremediation relate to the slowness and time-consumption; furthermore, the products of biodegradation sometimes become more toxic than the original compound. The performance evaluation of bioremediation might be difficult as it has no acceptable endpoint. There is a need for further studies to develop bioremediation technologies in order to find more biological solutions for bioremediation of heavy metal contamination from different environmental systems.
format	article
author	Ali Sayqal Omar B. Ahmed
author_facet	Ali Sayqal Omar B. Ahmed
author_sort	Ali Sayqal
title	Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_short	Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_full	Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_fullStr	Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_full_unstemmed	Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_sort	advances in heavy metal bioremediation: an overview
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b68b6cc4dbd443ca8375f36a36ecfa8f
work_keys_str_mv	AT alisayqal advancesinheavymetalbioremediationanoverview AT omarbahmed advancesinheavymetalbioremediationanoverview
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Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview

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