Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years

Abstract The direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h...

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Autores principales: Xiaofu Du, Le Fang, Jianwei Xu, Xiangyu Chen, Yamin Bai, Jieming Zhong
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Publicado: Nature Portfolio 2021
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:b6d47bddadde489f9b05a8f502704c542021-12-02T14:26:55ZAssociation between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years10.1038/s41598-021-83049-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b6d47bddadde489f9b05a8f502704c542021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83049-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults. A total of 1424 provincially representative Chinese residents aged 18 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included demographic data, physical measurements and 24-h urine collection. In this study, the average 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3811.4 mg/day, 1449.3 mg/day, and 4.9, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary sodium excretion was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.64 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–1.24) and diastolic BP (0.45 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.08–0.81), and each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic BP (− 3.07 mm Hg; 95% CI − 4.57 to − 1.57) and diastolic BP (− 0.94 mm Hg; 95% CI − 1.87 to − 0.02). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.78 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.42–1.13) and diastolic BP (0.31 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.10–0.53) per 1-unit increase. These associations were mainly driven by the hypertensive group. Those with a sodium intake above about 4900 mg/24 h or with a potassium intake below about 1000 mg/24 h had a higher risk of hypertension. At higher but not lower levels of 24-h urinary sodium excretion, potassium can better blunt the sodium-BP relationship. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of excretion were 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.84) for potassium and 1.71 (95% CI 1.16–2.51) for the sodium-to-potassium ratio, while the corresponding OR for sodium was not significant (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 0.83–1.98). Our results showed that the sodium intake was significantly associated with BP among hypertensive patients and the inverse association between potassium intake and BP was stronger and involved a larger fraction of the population, especially those with a potassium intake below 1000 mg/24 h should probably increase their potassium intake.Xiaofu DuLe FangJianwei XuXiangyu ChenYamin BaiJieming ZhongNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Xiaofu Du
Le Fang
Jianwei Xu
Xiangyu Chen
Yamin Bai
Jieming Zhong
Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
description Abstract The direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults. A total of 1424 provincially representative Chinese residents aged 18 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included demographic data, physical measurements and 24-h urine collection. In this study, the average 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3811.4 mg/day, 1449.3 mg/day, and 4.9, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary sodium excretion was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.64 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–1.24) and diastolic BP (0.45 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.08–0.81), and each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic BP (− 3.07 mm Hg; 95% CI − 4.57 to − 1.57) and diastolic BP (− 0.94 mm Hg; 95% CI − 1.87 to − 0.02). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.78 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.42–1.13) and diastolic BP (0.31 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.10–0.53) per 1-unit increase. These associations were mainly driven by the hypertensive group. Those with a sodium intake above about 4900 mg/24 h or with a potassium intake below about 1000 mg/24 h had a higher risk of hypertension. At higher but not lower levels of 24-h urinary sodium excretion, potassium can better blunt the sodium-BP relationship. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of excretion were 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.84) for potassium and 1.71 (95% CI 1.16–2.51) for the sodium-to-potassium ratio, while the corresponding OR for sodium was not significant (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 0.83–1.98). Our results showed that the sodium intake was significantly associated with BP among hypertensive patients and the inverse association between potassium intake and BP was stronger and involved a larger fraction of the population, especially those with a potassium intake below 1000 mg/24 h should probably increase their potassium intake.
format article
author Xiaofu Du
Le Fang
Jianwei Xu
Xiangyu Chen
Yamin Bai
Jieming Zhong
author_facet Xiaofu Du
Le Fang
Jianwei Xu
Xiangyu Chen
Yamin Bai
Jieming Zhong
author_sort Xiaofu Du
title Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_short Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_full Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_fullStr Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_full_unstemmed Association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_sort association between 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure among chinese adults aged 18–69 years
publisher Nature Portfolio
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/b6d47bddadde489f9b05a8f502704c54
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