The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.

Evidence on the link between starch intake and caries incidence is conflicting, therefore the cariogenicity of starch compared with sucrose was explored using a dual Constant Depth Film Fermenter (dCDFF) biotic model system. Bovine enamel discs were used as a substrate and the dCDFF was inoculated u...

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Autores principales:	Jonathan M Roberts, David J Bradshaw, Richard J M Lynch, Susan M Higham, Sabeel P Valappil
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b711266ff7124682b32e5130b6b1b441
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b711266ff7124682b32e5130b6b1b4412021-12-02T20:16:44ZThe cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258881https://doaj.org/article/b711266ff7124682b32e5130b6b1b4412021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258881https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Evidence on the link between starch intake and caries incidence is conflicting, therefore the cariogenicity of starch compared with sucrose was explored using a dual Constant Depth Film Fermenter (dCDFF) biotic model system. Bovine enamel discs were used as a substrate and the dCDFF was inoculated using human saliva. CDFF units were supplemented with artificial saliva growth media at a constant rate to mimic resting salivary flow rate over 14 days. The CDFF units were exposed to different conditions, 2% sucrose or 2% starch 8 times daily and either no additional fluoride or 1450 ppm F- twice daily. Bovine enamel discs were removed at intervals (days 3, 7, 10 and 14) for bacterial enumeration and enamel analysis using Quantitative Light Induced Fluorescence (QLF) and Transverse Microradiography (TMR). Results showed that in the absence of fluoride there was generally no difference in mineral loss between enamel exposed to either sucrose or starch when analysed using TMR and QLF (P > 0.05). In the presence of fluoride by day 14 there was significantly more mineral loss under starch than sucrose when analysed with TMR (P < 0.05). It was confirmed that starch and sucrose are similarly cariogenic within the dCDFF in the absence of fluoride. With the aid of salivary amylase, the bacteria utilise starch to produce an acidic environment similar to that of bacteria exposed to sucrose only. In the presence of fluoride, starch was more cariogenic which may be due to the bacteria producing a more hydrophobic intercellular matrix lowering the penetration of fluoride through the biofilm. This is significant as it indicates that the focus on sugars being the primary cause of caries may need re-evaluating and an increase in focus on carbohydrates is needed as they may be similarly cariogenic as sugars if not more so.Jonathan M RobertsDavid J BradshawRichard J M LynchSusan M HighamSabeel P ValappilPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258881 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jonathan M Roberts David J Bradshaw Richard J M Lynch Susan M Higham Sabeel P Valappil The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.
description	Evidence on the link between starch intake and caries incidence is conflicting, therefore the cariogenicity of starch compared with sucrose was explored using a dual Constant Depth Film Fermenter (dCDFF) biotic model system. Bovine enamel discs were used as a substrate and the dCDFF was inoculated using human saliva. CDFF units were supplemented with artificial saliva growth media at a constant rate to mimic resting salivary flow rate over 14 days. The CDFF units were exposed to different conditions, 2% sucrose or 2% starch 8 times daily and either no additional fluoride or 1450 ppm F- twice daily. Bovine enamel discs were removed at intervals (days 3, 7, 10 and 14) for bacterial enumeration and enamel analysis using Quantitative Light Induced Fluorescence (QLF) and Transverse Microradiography (TMR). Results showed that in the absence of fluoride there was generally no difference in mineral loss between enamel exposed to either sucrose or starch when analysed using TMR and QLF (P > 0.05). In the presence of fluoride by day 14 there was significantly more mineral loss under starch than sucrose when analysed with TMR (P < 0.05). It was confirmed that starch and sucrose are similarly cariogenic within the dCDFF in the absence of fluoride. With the aid of salivary amylase, the bacteria utilise starch to produce an acidic environment similar to that of bacteria exposed to sucrose only. In the presence of fluoride, starch was more cariogenic which may be due to the bacteria producing a more hydrophobic intercellular matrix lowering the penetration of fluoride through the biofilm. This is significant as it indicates that the focus on sugars being the primary cause of caries may need re-evaluating and an increase in focus on carbohydrates is needed as they may be similarly cariogenic as sugars if not more so.
format	article
author	Jonathan M Roberts David J Bradshaw Richard J M Lynch Susan M Higham Sabeel P Valappil
author_facet	Jonathan M Roberts David J Bradshaw Richard J M Lynch Susan M Higham Sabeel P Valappil
author_sort	Jonathan M Roberts
title	The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.
title_short	The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.
title_full	The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.
title_fullStr	The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.
title_full_unstemmed	The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.
title_sort	cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b711266ff7124682b32e5130b6b1b441
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The cariogenic effect of starch on oral microcosm grown within the dual constant depth film fermenter.

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