A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.

<h4>Background</h4>Even though walking can be sustained for great distances, considerable energy is required for plantarflexion around the instant of opposite leg heel contact. Different groups attempted to reduce metabolic cost with exoskeletons but none could achieve a reduction beyond...

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Autores principales:	Philippe Malcolm, Wim Derave, Samuel Galle, Dirk De Clercq
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b75c272177d54cef9765f2afb742487c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b75c272177d54cef9765f2afb742487c2021-11-18T07:57:42ZA simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0056137https://doaj.org/article/b75c272177d54cef9765f2afb742487c2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23418524/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Even though walking can be sustained for great distances, considerable energy is required for plantarflexion around the instant of opposite leg heel contact. Different groups attempted to reduce metabolic cost with exoskeletons but none could achieve a reduction beyond the level of walking without exoskeleton, possibly because there is no consensus on the optimal actuation timing. The main research question of our study was whether it is possible to obtain a higher reduction in metabolic cost by tuning the actuation timing.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We measured metabolic cost by means of respiratory gas analysis. Test subjects walked with a simple pneumatic exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion with different actuation timings. We found that the exoskeleton can reduce metabolic cost by 0.18±0.06 W kg(-1) or 6±2% (standard error of the mean) (p = 0.019) below the cost of walking without exoskeleton if actuation starts just before opposite leg heel contact.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The optimum timing that we found concurs with the prediction from a mathematical model of walking. While the present exoskeleton was not ambulant, measurements of joint kinetics reveal that the required power could be recycled from knee extension deceleration work that occurs naturally during walking. This demonstrates that it is theoretically possible to build future ambulant exoskeletons that reduce metabolic cost, without power supply restrictions.Philippe MalcolmWim DeraveSamuel GalleDirk De ClercqPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 2, p e56137 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Philippe Malcolm Wim Derave Samuel Galle Dirk De Clercq A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Even though walking can be sustained for great distances, considerable energy is required for plantarflexion around the instant of opposite leg heel contact. Different groups attempted to reduce metabolic cost with exoskeletons but none could achieve a reduction beyond the level of walking without exoskeleton, possibly because there is no consensus on the optimal actuation timing. The main research question of our study was whether it is possible to obtain a higher reduction in metabolic cost by tuning the actuation timing.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We measured metabolic cost by means of respiratory gas analysis. Test subjects walked with a simple pneumatic exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion with different actuation timings. We found that the exoskeleton can reduce metabolic cost by 0.18±0.06 W kg(-1) or 6±2% (standard error of the mean) (p = 0.019) below the cost of walking without exoskeleton if actuation starts just before opposite leg heel contact.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The optimum timing that we found concurs with the prediction from a mathematical model of walking. While the present exoskeleton was not ambulant, measurements of joint kinetics reveal that the required power could be recycled from knee extension deceleration work that occurs naturally during walking. This demonstrates that it is theoretically possible to build future ambulant exoskeletons that reduce metabolic cost, without power supply restrictions.
format	article
author	Philippe Malcolm Wim Derave Samuel Galle Dirk De Clercq
author_facet	Philippe Malcolm Wim Derave Samuel Galle Dirk De Clercq
author_sort	Philippe Malcolm
title	A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.
title_short	A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.
title_full	A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.
title_fullStr	A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.
title_full_unstemmed	A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.
title_sort	simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/b75c272177d54cef9765f2afb742487c
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A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking.

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