Analysis of Air-Coupled Transducer-Based Elastic Waves Generation in CFRP Plates

In this paper, the analysis of non-contact elastic waves generation in carbon fiber reinforced-polymer (CFRP) plate was conducted. Full non-contact elastic waves generation and sensing methods were also analyzed. Elastic waves generation was based on an air-coupled transducer (ACT) while waves sensi...

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Autores principales:	Tomasz Wandowski, Damian Mindykowski, Pawel Kudela, Maciej Radzienski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	air-coupled transducer scanning laser doppler vibrometry composite fiber-reinforced polymer Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b772eb4c60a84a8c9a7830eea4946435
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:b772eb4c60a84a8c9a7830eea4946435
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b772eb4c60a84a8c9a7830eea49464352021-11-11T19:08:01ZAnalysis of Air-Coupled Transducer-Based Elastic Waves Generation in CFRP Plates10.3390/s212171341424-8220https://doaj.org/article/b772eb4c60a84a8c9a7830eea49464352021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7134https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220In this paper, the analysis of non-contact elastic waves generation in carbon fiber reinforced-polymer (CFRP) plate was conducted. Full non-contact elastic waves generation and sensing methods were also analyzed. Elastic waves generation was based on an air-coupled transducer (ACT) while waves sensing was based on a laser Doppler vibrometer. The excitation frequency was equal to 40 kHz. An optimal ACT slope angle for the generation of elastic waves mode was determined with the aid of dispersion curves calculated by using a semi-analytical model. Due to the stack sequence in the composite plate (unidirectional composite), ACT slope angles were different for waves generation in the direction along and across reinforcing fibers direction. Moreover, experimental verification of the optimal ACT slope angles was conducted. It was possible to generate A<sub>0</sub> wave mode in the direction along and across the reinforcing fibers. Optimal angles determined using ACT were equal to 16° (along fibers) and 34° (across fibers). In the case of optimal angles, elastic waves amplitudes are almost two times higher than for the case of ACT oriented perpendicularly to the plate surface. Moreover, experimental results based on ACT showed that it was possible to generate the SH<sub>0</sub> mode in the direction across the fiber for optimal angles equal to 10°. Finally, based on the A<sub>0</sub> wave mode propagation, the process for localization of discontinuities was performed. Discontinuities in the form of additional mass simulating damage were investigated. A simple signal processing algorithm based on elastic wave energy was used for creating damage maps. Authors compared discontinuity localization for ACT oriented perpendicularly to the plate and at the optimal slope angle. The utilization of non-contact waves excitation at optimal ACT slope angles helped to focus the wave energy in the desired direction. Moreover, in this case, elastic waves with the highest amplitudes were generated.Tomasz WandowskiDamian MindykowskiPawel KudelaMaciej RadzienskiMDPI AGarticleair-coupled transducerscanning laser doppler vibrometrycomposite fiber-reinforced polymerChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7134, p 7134 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	air-coupled transducer scanning laser doppler vibrometry composite fiber-reinforced polymer Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	air-coupled transducer scanning laser doppler vibrometry composite fiber-reinforced polymer Chemical technology TP1-1185 Tomasz Wandowski Damian Mindykowski Pawel Kudela Maciej Radzienski Analysis of Air-Coupled Transducer-Based Elastic Waves Generation in CFRP Plates
description	In this paper, the analysis of non-contact elastic waves generation in carbon fiber reinforced-polymer (CFRP) plate was conducted. Full non-contact elastic waves generation and sensing methods were also analyzed. Elastic waves generation was based on an air-coupled transducer (ACT) while waves sensing was based on a laser Doppler vibrometer. The excitation frequency was equal to 40 kHz. An optimal ACT slope angle for the generation of elastic waves mode was determined with the aid of dispersion curves calculated by using a semi-analytical model. Due to the stack sequence in the composite plate (unidirectional composite), ACT slope angles were different for waves generation in the direction along and across reinforcing fibers direction. Moreover, experimental verification of the optimal ACT slope angles was conducted. It was possible to generate A<sub>0</sub> wave mode in the direction along and across the reinforcing fibers. Optimal angles determined using ACT were equal to 16° (along fibers) and 34° (across fibers). In the case of optimal angles, elastic waves amplitudes are almost two times higher than for the case of ACT oriented perpendicularly to the plate surface. Moreover, experimental results based on ACT showed that it was possible to generate the SH<sub>0</sub> mode in the direction across the fiber for optimal angles equal to 10°. Finally, based on the A<sub>0</sub> wave mode propagation, the process for localization of discontinuities was performed. Discontinuities in the form of additional mass simulating damage were investigated. A simple signal processing algorithm based on elastic wave energy was used for creating damage maps. Authors compared discontinuity localization for ACT oriented perpendicularly to the plate and at the optimal slope angle. The utilization of non-contact waves excitation at optimal ACT slope angles helped to focus the wave energy in the desired direction. Moreover, in this case, elastic waves with the highest amplitudes were generated.
format	article
author	Tomasz Wandowski Damian Mindykowski Pawel Kudela Maciej Radzienski
author_facet	Tomasz Wandowski Damian Mindykowski Pawel Kudela Maciej Radzienski
author_sort	Tomasz Wandowski
title	Analysis of Air-Coupled Transducer-Based Elastic Waves Generation in CFRP Plates
title_short	Analysis of Air-Coupled Transducer-Based Elastic Waves Generation in CFRP Plates
title_full	Analysis of Air-Coupled Transducer-Based Elastic Waves Generation in CFRP Plates
title_fullStr	Analysis of Air-Coupled Transducer-Based Elastic Waves Generation in CFRP Plates
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of Air-Coupled Transducer-Based Elastic Waves Generation in CFRP Plates
title_sort	analysis of air-coupled transducer-based elastic waves generation in cfrp plates
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b772eb4c60a84a8c9a7830eea4946435
work_keys_str_mv	AT tomaszwandowski analysisofaircoupledtransducerbasedelasticwavesgenerationincfrpplates AT damianmindykowski analysisofaircoupledtransducerbasedelasticwavesgenerationincfrpplates AT pawelkudela analysisofaircoupledtransducerbasedelasticwavesgenerationincfrpplates AT maciejradzienski analysisofaircoupledtransducerbasedelasticwavesgenerationincfrpplates
_version_	1718431606291562496

Analysis of Air-Coupled Transducer-Based Elastic Waves Generation in CFRP Plates

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