What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1

Epigenetic alterations (including DNA methylation or miRNAs) influence oncogene/oncosuppressor gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Prostate cancer (PC) displays a complex genetic and epigenetic regulation of cell-growth pathways and tumor progression. We performed a systematic literat...

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Autores principales:	Andrea Palicelli, Stefania Croci, Alessandra Bisagni, Eleonora Zanetti, Dario De Biase, Beatrice Melli, Francesca Sanguedolce, Moira Ragazzi, Magda Zanelli, Alcides Chaux, Sofia Cañete-Portillo, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Alessandra Soriano, Stefano Ascani, Maurizio Zizzo, Carolina Castro Ruiz, Antonio De Leo, Guido Giordano, Matteo Landriscina, Giuseppe Carrieri, Luigi Cormio, Daniel M. Berney, Jatin Gandhi, Davide Nicoli, Enrico Farnetti, Giacomo Santandrea, Martina Bonacini
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	PD-L1 prostate cancer epigenetic DNA methylation miRNA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b7736230e63d42b684ef84b28e699c0d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b7736230e63d42b684ef84b28e699c0d2021-11-25T17:55:20ZWhat Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L110.3390/ijms2222123141422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/b7736230e63d42b684ef84b28e699c0d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12314https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Epigenetic alterations (including DNA methylation or miRNAs) influence oncogene/oncosuppressor gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Prostate cancer (PC) displays a complex genetic and epigenetic regulation of cell-growth pathways and tumor progression. We performed a systematic literature review (following PRISMA guidelines) focused on the epigenetic regulation of PD-L1 expression in PC. In PC cell lines, CpG island methylation of the <i>CD274</i> promoter negatively regulated PD-L1 expression. Histone modifiers also influence the PD-L1 transcription rate: the deletion or silencing of the histone modifiers MLL3/MML1 can positively regulate PD-L1 expression. Epigenetic drugs (EDs) may be promising in reprogramming tumor cells, reversing epigenetic modifications, and cancer immune evasion. EDs promoting a chromatin-inactive transcriptional state (such as bromodomain or p300/CBP inhibitors) downregulated PD-L1, while EDs favoring a chromatin-active state (i.e., histone deacetylase inhibitors) increased PD-L1 expression. miRNAs can regulate PD-L1 at a post-transcriptional level. miR-195/miR-16 were negatively associated with PD-L1 expression and positively correlated to longer biochemical recurrence-free survival; they also enhanced the radiotherapy efficacy in PC cell lines. miR-197 and miR-200a-c positively correlated to PD-L1 mRNA levels and inversely correlated to the methylation of PD-L1 promoter in a large series. miR-570, miR-34a and miR-513 may also be involved in epigenetic regulation.Andrea PalicelliStefania CrociAlessandra BisagniEleonora ZanettiDario De BiaseBeatrice MelliFrancesca SanguedolceMoira RagazziMagda ZanelliAlcides ChauxSofia Cañete-PortilloMaria Paola BonasoniAlessandra SorianoStefano AscaniMaurizio ZizzoCarolina Castro RuizAntonio De LeoGuido GiordanoMatteo LandriscinaGiuseppe CarrieriLuigi CormioDaniel M. BerneyJatin GandhiDavide NicoliEnrico FarnettiGiacomo SantandreaMartina BonaciniMDPI AGarticlePD-L1prostatecancerepigeneticDNA methylationmiRNABiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12314, p 12314 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	PD-L1 prostate cancer epigenetic DNA methylation miRNA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	PD-L1 prostate cancer epigenetic DNA methylation miRNA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Andrea Palicelli Stefania Croci Alessandra Bisagni Eleonora Zanetti Dario De Biase Beatrice Melli Francesca Sanguedolce Moira Ragazzi Magda Zanelli Alcides Chaux Sofia Cañete-Portillo Maria Paola Bonasoni Alessandra Soriano Stefano Ascani Maurizio Zizzo Carolina Castro Ruiz Antonio De Leo Guido Giordano Matteo Landriscina Giuseppe Carrieri Luigi Cormio Daniel M. Berney Jatin Gandhi Davide Nicoli Enrico Farnetti Giacomo Santandrea Martina Bonacini What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1
description	Epigenetic alterations (including DNA methylation or miRNAs) influence oncogene/oncosuppressor gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Prostate cancer (PC) displays a complex genetic and epigenetic regulation of cell-growth pathways and tumor progression. We performed a systematic literature review (following PRISMA guidelines) focused on the epigenetic regulation of PD-L1 expression in PC. In PC cell lines, CpG island methylation of the <i>CD274</i> promoter negatively regulated PD-L1 expression. Histone modifiers also influence the PD-L1 transcription rate: the deletion or silencing of the histone modifiers MLL3/MML1 can positively regulate PD-L1 expression. Epigenetic drugs (EDs) may be promising in reprogramming tumor cells, reversing epigenetic modifications, and cancer immune evasion. EDs promoting a chromatin-inactive transcriptional state (such as bromodomain or p300/CBP inhibitors) downregulated PD-L1, while EDs favoring a chromatin-active state (i.e., histone deacetylase inhibitors) increased PD-L1 expression. miRNAs can regulate PD-L1 at a post-transcriptional level. miR-195/miR-16 were negatively associated with PD-L1 expression and positively correlated to longer biochemical recurrence-free survival; they also enhanced the radiotherapy efficacy in PC cell lines. miR-197 and miR-200a-c positively correlated to PD-L1 mRNA levels and inversely correlated to the methylation of PD-L1 promoter in a large series. miR-570, miR-34a and miR-513 may also be involved in epigenetic regulation.
format	article
author	Andrea Palicelli Stefania Croci Alessandra Bisagni Eleonora Zanetti Dario De Biase Beatrice Melli Francesca Sanguedolce Moira Ragazzi Magda Zanelli Alcides Chaux Sofia Cañete-Portillo Maria Paola Bonasoni Alessandra Soriano Stefano Ascani Maurizio Zizzo Carolina Castro Ruiz Antonio De Leo Guido Giordano Matteo Landriscina Giuseppe Carrieri Luigi Cormio Daniel M. Berney Jatin Gandhi Davide Nicoli Enrico Farnetti Giacomo Santandrea Martina Bonacini
author_facet	Andrea Palicelli Stefania Croci Alessandra Bisagni Eleonora Zanetti Dario De Biase Beatrice Melli Francesca Sanguedolce Moira Ragazzi Magda Zanelli Alcides Chaux Sofia Cañete-Portillo Maria Paola Bonasoni Alessandra Soriano Stefano Ascani Maurizio Zizzo Carolina Castro Ruiz Antonio De Leo Guido Giordano Matteo Landriscina Giuseppe Carrieri Luigi Cormio Daniel M. Berney Jatin Gandhi Davide Nicoli Enrico Farnetti Giacomo Santandrea Martina Bonacini
author_sort	Andrea Palicelli
title	What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1
title_short	What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1
title_full	What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1
title_fullStr	What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1
title_full_unstemmed	What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1
title_sort	what do we have to know about pd-l1 expression in prostate cancer? a systematic literature review. part 5: epigenetic regulation of pd-l1
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b7736230e63d42b684ef84b28e699c0d
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What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1

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