Diversity of Flower Visiting Beetles at Higher Elevations on the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)

Background: Flowers are one of the important microhabitats promoting beetle diversity, but little is known about variation in the diversity of these insects at higher elevations. We do not know how divergent habitats influence the distribution of beetles among montane flora. Methods: We sampled beet...

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Autores principales:	Kai-Qin Li, Zong-Xin Ren, Qiang Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	alpine diversity Hengduan Mountain modularity plant–insect interaction Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b7794e58cc6049edbc02b8ed80390cd3
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:b7794e58cc6049edbc02b8ed80390cd3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b7794e58cc6049edbc02b8ed80390cd32021-11-25T17:23:05ZDiversity of Flower Visiting Beetles at Higher Elevations on the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)10.3390/d131106041424-2818https://doaj.org/article/b7794e58cc6049edbc02b8ed80390cd32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/11/604https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818Background: Flowers are one of the important microhabitats promoting beetle diversity, but little is known about variation in the diversity of these insects at higher elevations. We do not know how divergent habitats influence the distribution of beetles among montane flora. Methods: We sampled beetles systematically in angiosperm flowers at 12 sites at two elevations (2700 m and 3200 m) and in two habitats (meadows and forests) for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) on the Yulong Snow Mountain in Yunnan, southwestern China. Beetle diversity among sites were compared. Their interactions with flowers of identified plant species were analyzed using bipartite networks approach. Results: We collected 153 species of beetles from 90 plant species recording 3391 interactions. While plant species richness was lower at the higher, 3200 m elevation regardless of habitat type, beetle species richness was not significantly different among sites. Plant-beetle interaction networks were strongly modular and specialized. The structure of networks showed greater differences between elevations than between habitats. The turnover of networks was determined by species composition showing a weak influence by interaction rewiring. Conclusion: Our study showed a high diversity of beetles in flowers at higher elevations within this mountain complex. The role of beetles in plant–insect interactions within some sections of temperate, montane sites appear to be underestimated and warrant further study.Kai-Qin LiZong-Xin RenQiang LiMDPI AGarticlealpinediversityHengduan Mountainmodularityplant–insect interactionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENDiversity, Vol 13, Iss 604, p 604 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alpine diversity Hengduan Mountain modularity plant–insect interaction Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	alpine diversity Hengduan Mountain modularity plant–insect interaction Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Kai-Qin Li Zong-Xin Ren Qiang Li Diversity of Flower Visiting Beetles at Higher Elevations on the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)
description	Background: Flowers are one of the important microhabitats promoting beetle diversity, but little is known about variation in the diversity of these insects at higher elevations. We do not know how divergent habitats influence the distribution of beetles among montane flora. Methods: We sampled beetles systematically in angiosperm flowers at 12 sites at two elevations (2700 m and 3200 m) and in two habitats (meadows and forests) for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) on the Yulong Snow Mountain in Yunnan, southwestern China. Beetle diversity among sites were compared. Their interactions with flowers of identified plant species were analyzed using bipartite networks approach. Results: We collected 153 species of beetles from 90 plant species recording 3391 interactions. While plant species richness was lower at the higher, 3200 m elevation regardless of habitat type, beetle species richness was not significantly different among sites. Plant-beetle interaction networks were strongly modular and specialized. The structure of networks showed greater differences between elevations than between habitats. The turnover of networks was determined by species composition showing a weak influence by interaction rewiring. Conclusion: Our study showed a high diversity of beetles in flowers at higher elevations within this mountain complex. The role of beetles in plant–insect interactions within some sections of temperate, montane sites appear to be underestimated and warrant further study.
format	article
author	Kai-Qin Li Zong-Xin Ren Qiang Li
author_facet	Kai-Qin Li Zong-Xin Ren Qiang Li
author_sort	Kai-Qin Li
title	Diversity of Flower Visiting Beetles at Higher Elevations on the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)
title_short	Diversity of Flower Visiting Beetles at Higher Elevations on the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)
title_full	Diversity of Flower Visiting Beetles at Higher Elevations on the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)
title_fullStr	Diversity of Flower Visiting Beetles at Higher Elevations on the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)
title_full_unstemmed	Diversity of Flower Visiting Beetles at Higher Elevations on the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)
title_sort	diversity of flower visiting beetles at higher elevations on the yulong snow mountain (yunnan, china)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b7794e58cc6049edbc02b8ed80390cd3
work_keys_str_mv	AT kaiqinli diversityofflowervisitingbeetlesathigherelevationsontheyulongsnowmountainyunnanchina AT zongxinren diversityofflowervisitingbeetlesathigherelevationsontheyulongsnowmountainyunnanchina AT qiangli diversityofflowervisitingbeetlesathigherelevationsontheyulongsnowmountainyunnanchina
_version_	1718412430949744640

Diversity of Flower Visiting Beetles at Higher Elevations on the Yulong Snow Mountain (Yunnan, China)

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