Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function

Abstract Activated carbon can be manufactured from waste coffee grounds via physical and/or chemical activation processes. However, challenges remain to quantify the differences in surface morphology between manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds. This paper presents a n...

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Autores principales:	Sanghoon Lee, Sukjoon Na, Olivia G. Rogers, Sungmin Youn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b77bf830a537488e9c99af93517307c7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b77bf830a537488e9c99af93517307c72021-12-02T14:20:43ZQuantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function10.1038/s41598-021-87249-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b77bf830a537488e9c99af93517307c72021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87249-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Activated carbon can be manufactured from waste coffee grounds via physical and/or chemical activation processes. However, challenges remain to quantify the differences in surface morphology between manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds. This paper presents a novel quantitative method to determine the quality of the physical and chemical activation processes performed in the presence of intensity inhomogeneity and identify surface characteristics of manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds. The spatial density was calculated by the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic in scanning electron microscopy images. The spatial characteristics were determined by analyzing Ripley’s K function and complete spatial randomness. Results show that the method introduced in this paper is capable of distinguishing between manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds, in terms of surface morphology.Sanghoon LeeSukjoon NaOlivia G. RogersSungmin YounNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sanghoon Lee Sukjoon Na Olivia G. Rogers Sungmin Youn Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function
description	Abstract Activated carbon can be manufactured from waste coffee grounds via physical and/or chemical activation processes. However, challenges remain to quantify the differences in surface morphology between manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds. This paper presents a novel quantitative method to determine the quality of the physical and chemical activation processes performed in the presence of intensity inhomogeneity and identify surface characteristics of manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds. The spatial density was calculated by the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic in scanning electron microscopy images. The spatial characteristics were determined by analyzing Ripley’s K function and complete spatial randomness. Results show that the method introduced in this paper is capable of distinguishing between manufactured activated carbon granules and the waste coffee grounds, in terms of surface morphology.
format	article
author	Sanghoon Lee Sukjoon Na Olivia G. Rogers Sungmin Youn
author_facet	Sanghoon Lee Sukjoon Na Olivia G. Rogers Sungmin Youn
author_sort	Sanghoon Lee
title	Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function
title_short	Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function
title_full	Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function
title_fullStr	Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function
title_sort	quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the getis-ord-gi* statistic and ripley’s k function
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/b77bf830a537488e9c99af93517307c7
work_keys_str_mv	AT sanghoonlee quantifyingsurfacemorphologyofmanufacturedactivatedcarbonandthewastecoffeegroundsusingthegetisordgistatisticandripleyskfunction AT sukjoonna quantifyingsurfacemorphologyofmanufacturedactivatedcarbonandthewastecoffeegroundsusingthegetisordgistatisticandripleyskfunction AT oliviagrogers quantifyingsurfacemorphologyofmanufacturedactivatedcarbonandthewastecoffeegroundsusingthegetisordgistatisticandripleyskfunction AT sungminyoun quantifyingsurfacemorphologyofmanufacturedactivatedcarbonandthewastecoffeegroundsusingthegetisordgistatisticandripleyskfunction
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Quantifying surface morphology of manufactured activated carbon and the waste coffee grounds using the Getis-Ord-Gi* statistic and Ripley’s K function

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