Directional cell expansion requires NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization

Abstract Plant cortical microtubules align perpendicular to the growth axis to determine the direction of cell growth. However, it remains unclear how plant cells form well-organized cortical microtubule arrays in the absence of a centrosome. In this study, we investigated the functions of Arabidops...

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Autores principales:	Shogo Takatani, Shinichiro Ozawa, Noriyoshi Yagi, Takashi Hotta, Takashi Hashimoto, Yuichiro Takahashi, Taku Takahashi, Hiroyasu Motose
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/b78d86def6a54cc88365b9081e6290bd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:b78d86def6a54cc88365b9081e6290bd2021-12-02T12:30:11ZDirectional cell expansion requires NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization10.1038/s41598-017-08453-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/b78d86def6a54cc88365b9081e6290bd2017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08453-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Plant cortical microtubules align perpendicular to the growth axis to determine the direction of cell growth. However, it remains unclear how plant cells form well-organized cortical microtubule arrays in the absence of a centrosome. In this study, we investigated the functions of Arabidopsis NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6), which regulates microtubule organization during anisotropic cell expansion. Quantitative analysis of hypocotyl cell growth in the nek6-1 mutant demonstrated that NEK6 suppresses ectopic outgrowth and promotes cell elongation in different regions of the hypocotyl. Loss of NEK6 function led to excessive microtubule waving and distortion, implying that NEK6 suppresses the aberrant cortical microtubules. Live cell imaging showed that NEK6 localizes to the microtubule lattice and to the shrinking plus and minus ends of microtubules. In agreement with this observation, the induced overexpression of NEK6 reduced and disorganized cortical microtubules and suppressed cell elongation. Furthermore, we identified five phosphorylation sites in β-tubulin that serve as substrates for NEK6 in vitro. Alanine substitution of the phosphorylation site Thr166 promoted incorporation of mutant β-tubulin into microtubules. Taken together, these results suggest that NEK6 promotes directional cell growth through phosphorylation of β-tubulin and the resulting destabilization of cortical microtubules.Shogo TakataniShinichiro OzawaNoriyoshi YagiTakashi HottaTakashi HashimotoYuichiro TakahashiTaku TakahashiHiroyasu MotoseNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shogo Takatani Shinichiro Ozawa Noriyoshi Yagi Takashi Hotta Takashi Hashimoto Yuichiro Takahashi Taku Takahashi Hiroyasu Motose Directional cell expansion requires NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization
description	Abstract Plant cortical microtubules align perpendicular to the growth axis to determine the direction of cell growth. However, it remains unclear how plant cells form well-organized cortical microtubule arrays in the absence of a centrosome. In this study, we investigated the functions of Arabidopsis NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6), which regulates microtubule organization during anisotropic cell expansion. Quantitative analysis of hypocotyl cell growth in the nek6-1 mutant demonstrated that NEK6 suppresses ectopic outgrowth and promotes cell elongation in different regions of the hypocotyl. Loss of NEK6 function led to excessive microtubule waving and distortion, implying that NEK6 suppresses the aberrant cortical microtubules. Live cell imaging showed that NEK6 localizes to the microtubule lattice and to the shrinking plus and minus ends of microtubules. In agreement with this observation, the induced overexpression of NEK6 reduced and disorganized cortical microtubules and suppressed cell elongation. Furthermore, we identified five phosphorylation sites in β-tubulin that serve as substrates for NEK6 in vitro. Alanine substitution of the phosphorylation site Thr166 promoted incorporation of mutant β-tubulin into microtubules. Taken together, these results suggest that NEK6 promotes directional cell growth through phosphorylation of β-tubulin and the resulting destabilization of cortical microtubules.
format	article
author	Shogo Takatani Shinichiro Ozawa Noriyoshi Yagi Takashi Hotta Takashi Hashimoto Yuichiro Takahashi Taku Takahashi Hiroyasu Motose
author_facet	Shogo Takatani Shinichiro Ozawa Noriyoshi Yagi Takashi Hotta Takashi Hashimoto Yuichiro Takahashi Taku Takahashi Hiroyasu Motose
author_sort	Shogo Takatani
title	Directional cell expansion requires NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization
title_short	Directional cell expansion requires NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization
title_full	Directional cell expansion requires NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization
title_fullStr	Directional cell expansion requires NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization
title_full_unstemmed	Directional cell expansion requires NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization
title_sort	directional cell expansion requires nima-related kinase 6 (nek6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/b78d86def6a54cc88365b9081e6290bd
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Directional cell expansion requires NIMA-related kinase 6 (NEK6)-mediated cortical microtubule destabilization

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